Research Of Grape And Wine Characteristics In Different Ecological Areas Of Penglai

China owns vast land whose natural environment is complex and diverse,forming various geographical regions.In recent years,developing regional characteristics wine has gradually become a research hotspot.The paper aimed to analyze the climate and soil in different ecological planting areas of Penglai,and the aroma components of Chardonnay,Riesling,Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot were analysed by GC-MS,combined with expert sensory evaluation,then the characteristics of grape and wine had been clarified in different ecological areas of Penglai region.The main conclusions were as followings:(1)Effects of natural conditions in different ecological planting areas of Penglai on the quality of wine grapesBased on the statistical analysis of climatic conditions in recent 10 years of Penglai,it was concluded that the annual average temperature was 12.8 ℃ in Penglai and the annual average sunshine hours was 2511.4 h,thereinto the sunshine hours was 1622 h during grape growth period(from mid-April to early October),and this was advantageous to the growth and development of grape.The average annual rainfall was 683.9 mm,and the rainfall was 583.5mm during grape growing period from mid-april to early October,accounting for 85.3% of rainfall throughout the whole year,so drainage and water control work should be done well in July and August.By means of comparing hydrothermicl coefficient,Penglai had the advantages to develop medium-late maturing wine grape.By analyzing soil nutrient chemical indexes(p H,organic matter,alkali-hydro nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium)and soil texture in different ecological planting areas of Penglai,and using the weighted sum model and expert scoring method,soil comprehensive grading standard of Penglai was established.The evaluation results showed that the soil fertility level of Penglai was given priority to with secondary and tertiary,and the suitable degree of wine grape planting reached the medium-high level,but there were some differences between different ecological areas.Integrated fertility index of Reifeng Auzias base was 0.77,for the third class,and the main limiting factor was that the contents of the organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium were low.Integrated fertility index of Chateau State Guest was 0.81,for the second class,and the main limiting factor was that the organic matter content was low,alkali-hydro nitrogen content and exchangeable magnesium content were high.Integrated fertility index of Chateau Junding was 0.82,for the second class,and the main limiting factor was low organic matter content.Integrated fertility index of Cofco Xianrenling base was 0.71,for the third class,and the main limiting factor was that soil was acid and the content of the organic matter,available potassium and exchangeable calcium was low.(2)Phenophase and mature quality of wine grape in different ecological area of PenglaiOverall,the wine grape phenology in Penglai showed the tendency of "south early and late North".Chardonnay,Italian Riesling,Cabernet Sauvignon,Cabernet Gernischt these four kinds of wine grape varieties could fully mature in different ecological areas in Penglai,and the average sugar content of grape berries had reached more than 190 g/L.(3)Wine aroma components in different ecological region of PenglaiBy headspace extraction and GC-MS analysis,aroma components of Chardonnay,Italian Riesling,Cabernet Sauvignon,Cabernet Gernischt these four wine were determined,including alcohols,aldehydes,ketones,acids,esters.From the view of the proportion and quantity of aroma,the esters proportion of white wine in Penglai was higher than others,which accounting for 50% above,The alcohols proportion and quantity of red wine in Penglai were higher than others,and the alcohols proportion of red wine was about 68.00%.Acids aroma components of white wine in Penglai had a higher proportion of hexanoic acid,octanoic acid,decanoic acid,but octanoic acid and decanoic acid propotion were significantly higher than caproic acid propotion.There were a higher proportion of acetic acid,hexanoic acid,octanoic acid in acids in acids aroma components of red wine in Penglai.(4)Wine sensory evaluation in different ecological areas of Penglai12 Chinese Wine Technical Committee of experts tasted Chardonnay wine,Italian Riesling wine,Cabernet Sauvignon wine and Cabernet Gernischt wine from different ecological planting areas of Penglai.On the whole,white wine scores higher than red wine in Penglai.Among White grape varieties,Chardonnay wine performance was more prominent,especially in aroma,and aroma was harmony and had sense of hierarchy.Of these,Chardonnay wine of cofco fairy hill base won the highest score of 90 points.Cabernet Sauvign and Cabernet Sauvignon wines both were typical in the performance of aroma,and the body of cabernet gernischt wine was generally weak.