Soil And Meteorological Characteristics And Their Effects On Wine Quality In Different Wine Sub-producing Areas In The Eastern Foot Of Helan Mountain

The quality of the wine depends mainly on the soil and meteorological conditions in the terroir and the grapes themselves.This study analyzed the soil and climate of Yinchuan,Jinshan,Yongning,Shizuishan,Qingtongxia and Hongsibao in the east foot of Helan Mountain,and analyzed the physical and chemical indexes and sensory of Cabernet Sauvignon wine,and analyzed the differences,correlations and factors to obtain the relationship between the terroir conditions of different sub-producing areas and the quality of wine in the sub-producing areas.The results provided a theoretical basis for the study of Ningxia sub-region terroir and wine quality differences.The main contents and results are as follows:(1)There are significant differences in soil composition among different sub-producing areas in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain.The soil pH value is between 8.5 and 9.2,which is alkaline soil.According to the grading standard of pH value in soil nutrient grading index,Shizuishan producing area,Hongsibao producing area,Yongning County producing area and Jinshan producing area belong to alkaline soil(8.5-9.0),while Qingtongxia producing area and Yinchuan producing area belong to strong alkaline soil(>9.0);According to the classification of soil organic matter and macro-elements,the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in Shizuishan and Yongning production areas is between 30-59 mg/kg,belonging to the deficient level,while the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in Hongsipu,Qingtongxia,Jinshan and Yinchuan production areas is below 30 mg/kg,belonging to the extremely deficient level.As for available P,the contents of available P in Yongning and Yinchuan were very high(>40 mg/kg),those in Shizuishan,Hongsipu and Jinshan were high(20-39 mg/kg),and those in Qingtongxia were middle and high(10-19 mg/kg).The content of available potassium in Yinchuan production area belongs to extremely abundant level(>200 mg/kg),Shizuishan production area,Hongsibao production area and Yongning County production area belong to middle and upper level(100-149 mg/kg),Qingtongxia production area and Jinshan production area belong to middle and lower level(50-99 mg/kg).Through difference analysis,cluster analysis and factor analysis,the order of soil fertility from high to low is Yinchuan>Shizuishan>Hongsipu>Yongning>Qingtongxia>Jinshan.(2)There were significant differences in meteorological indexes of grape seed producing areas at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia.The average temperature in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain ranges from 0.86℃ to 2.017℃ from November to April.From May to October,the average temperature is 18.84-19.71℃,and the difference of production area is small.The average precipitation(mm)from November to April next year is between 22.50-15.80,and the variation of production areas is large;The average precipitation(mm)from May to October is between 171.70-151.30,and the variation of production areas is large.From July to September,the hydro-thermal coefficient is between 0.29 and 0.11,and the variation is quite different.The annual accumulated temperature(℃·d)≥10℃ is between 3571.55 and 3228.51,and the variation is quite different.Through cluster analysis,it was found that the temperature and hydrothermal coefficient in the south of helan mountain were lower than those in the northThe average annual precipitation in the southern region is the same as that in the northern region;The annual accumulated temperature ≥10℃(℃·d)in the south is higher than that in the north.Further meteorological factors analysis and comprehensive evaluation of Hongsibao production area>Yinchuan production area>Qingtongxia production area>Yongning production area>Jinshan production area>Shizuishan production area.(3)The wine quality in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain is closely related to soil nutrients and climate.The soil rich in potassium and calcium could promote the accumulation of fructose,the synthesis of aroma substances,anthocyanins and tanninsTemperature had a certain effect on the accumulation of aroma substances,low temperature in a certain range was conducive to the aroma of wine,but also improve the color of red grapes.The cluster analysis showed that there was correlation among soil index,meteorological index and wine quality in different producing areas.The comprehensive evaluation of soil,meteorological index and wine quality in different sub-producing areas by factor analysis was Yinchuan>Shizuishan>Yongning>Jinshan>Hongsibao>Qingtongxia.