Development Of Trichoderma-containing Bio-organic Fertilizer Through Solid Fermentation With Straw And Sugar Filter Mud As Substrates

Crop straws are useful resource if properly treated,but environmental pollutant if discarded.Sugar filter mud is sediment of sugar juice clarification in sugar cane mill,which is rich of protein,fat,crude fiber.Trichoderma species,as plant benefical fungi,can significantly promote crop growth,and suppress soil-born pathogens.Solid fermentation is recognized as one of the best ways to get fungal spores.Bio-organic fertilizer is a new type of fertilizer,with the combined advantages of compound microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer,which plays an important role in reducing of chemical fertilizer input and promoting agricultural sustainable development.In this study,straw and sugar filter mud were used as solid fermentation substrates for production of Trichoderma conidia,and then mixed fermentation products with manure compost to make Trichoderma-containing bio-organic fertilizer for agricultural production.The obtained main results are as follows:In liquid fermentation with molasses culture,the Trichoderma fresh biomass weight and dry biomass weight reached 40～45 g/L,and 6.0～7.0 g/L,respectively.Through single factor experiment optimizations,the most suitable solid fermentation condition is:straw and sugar filter mud mass ratio of 4:1-3:2,water content of 60%～65%,sterilized at 115℃ for 30 min,inoculated with 2%～10%of the liquid Trichoderma culture,shallow tray fermentation with the depth of 1～2 cm,fermented at 22 ℃～28 ℃ for 7days.Trichoderma conidia yield reached more than 4×108 cfu/g.The solid fermentation product surface was covered with dark green Trichoderma mycelia.The Trichoderma solid fermentation product was mixed with manure compost with the mass ratio of 1:9 to make the commercial Trichoderma-containing bio-organic fertilizer.The Trichoderma conidia in this bio-organic fertilizer is more than 2×107cfu/g,total content of N,P,K is more than 5%,organic matter content is more than 45%,and the final product reached the requiredments of the national standard for bio-organic fertilizer.The developed Trichoderma-containing bio-organic fertilizer and the solid fermentation product were tested for their shelf life at 22℃,4℃ and natural temperature.Their initial Trichoderma conidia contents were higher than the basical requiredments of national standard.The Trichoderma conidia in the Trichoderma-containing bio-organic fertilizer were declined quikly when stored in these three temperatures,and below the basical requiredments of national standard 90 days later.The Trichoderma solid fermentation product perfored well when stored in these three temperatures,the conidia number was reduced slowly and reached the requiredments of the national standard within 180 days.Four centigrade is best temperature to keep these products,while 22 ℃and natural temperature are similar with each other.In pot experiments of corn and tomato,Trichoderma-containing bio-organic fertilizer promoted plant height,root length,stem diameter,SPAD and shoot fresh weight,shoot dry weight,root fresh weight,root dry weight with different level.In the field experiment of green vegetable,Trichoderma-containing bio-organic fertilizer promoted plant height,root length,fresh weight and increased the final yield.The amount of Trichoderma species in the rhizosphere of the treatment of bio-organic fertilizer is significantly higher than other treatments in the pot experiment and the field experiment.Conclusion of paper:Trichoderma-containing bio-organic fertilizer reached the requiredments of the national standard according to the method in this paper and promoted the growth of crops significantly.