Study On Resources,Seed Germination And Genetic Diversity Of The Cyananthus In Sichuan

The Cyananthus of the Campanulaceae Cyanantheae are about 28 species in the world,mainly distributed in the East Asia region,such as Bhutan,Nepal,India and other places.In China,there are 25 species,mainly distributed in northern and eastern Yunnan,southwestern Guizhou and southwest of Sichuan.In recent years,the climate change of Hengduan Mountains is caused by the Himalayan axis rising 3000 meters and then the plant growth conditions change.Besides the landslides occur frequently every summer in Ganzhi area,coupled with the overhaul of the road and development of tourism,making a sharp decrease in the number of Cyananthus in Sichuan province.In order to adapt to its environmental changes,the growth altitude is from 2000 m to about 3000 m above sea level.Therefore,the conservation and utilization of wild resources is the most urgent task.In order to better protect and utilize the genus,the distribution,morphological characteristics,garden application,the germination of the seeds and geneic diversity of Cyananthus in Sichuan has been studied.The specific results are as follows:1.There are 17 species of Cyananthus,including 5 species in the annual group and 12 species in the perennial group(14 species in our country)in Sichuan.The two groups have similar morphological characteristics,but there are differences in perennial or annual,stem base,the root with or without scales and so on.Its distribution is mainly concentrated in the Kangding,Leibo,Zhaojue,Daocheng,Rural,Ganzi,Taining and other places.It grows at an altitude of 3000m-4500 m and the hillside,sand,meadow,alpine shrub,mountain forest,gravel,and rock are its main growth environment.Because of the poor growth environment,simple and extensive management,the Cyananthus has high application value in the garden.This genus can be used for flower beds,flower pond and flower selection,Landscaping with classical gardens and modern landscape architecture.It also can be used as indoor ornamental plants.2.The germination rate,germination potential,seed germination time,germination peak period and seed germination durationof the Cyananthus incanus were studied under three kinds of conditions.(1)Single factor experiment results indicated that with the soaking time and illumination time prolonging and the gibberellin concentration increase,the seed germination rate increased.However,there was no significant effect of light time on seed germination rate and germinationpotential.Gibberellin concentration had the greatest effect on seed germination,the seed germination was significantly promoted when the concentration of gibberellin was 600mg·L-1(P<0.001).The results of two factor experiments show that the combination of gibberellin concentration and seed soaking time had the greatest effect on the seed germination.Soaking12 h or 18 h and gibberellin concentration 400 mg·L-1is the best for seed germination.Three factor experimental results show that lighting0 h,soaking 12 h and 400 mg·L-1gibberellin concentration is beneficial for the increase of seed germination potential.Lighting12 h,soaking 12 h and 600mg·L-1gibberellin concentration can improve the germination rate.3.The genetic diversity among 14 species of the Cyananthus and one Campanula plant were studied by ISSR and FSRAP markers.Twenty ISSR primers amplified 145 bands,of which 90% were polymorphic.Whereas 20 FSRAP primer combinations amplified 117 bands,of which 75% were polymorphic.The effective allele(Ne)are obtained by ISSR marker ranged from 1.4752 to 1.992,the average was 1.7884,the genetic distance of 14 species of Cyananthus were 0.0998-0.6441 and the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.6727 to 0.9444.The effective allele(Ne)of the FSRAP markers were 1.6092-1.9906,with an average of 1.9060.The genetic distance of 14 species of the Cyananthus were 0.096-0.8495 and the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.4276-0.9085.Cluster analysis showed that ISSR+FSRAP and FSRAP dendrograms of the 14 species exhibitied similar clustering patterns.The results indicated that the FSRAP has a higher accuracy in the genetic diversity analysis in Cyananthus.The clustering results of 14 species of the Cyananthus in Sichuan showed that the C.fasciculatus,C.inflatus,C.pseudoinflatus and C.hookery are clustered into one group,belonging to Subsect.Annui subgroup.The morphological characteristics of C.fasciculatus and C.inflatus were similar.the genetic similarity coefficient was high and it was clustered together,which indicated that the genetic relationship was close.The C.leiocalyx,C.montanus,C.incanus,C.neurocalyx,C.macrocalyx,C.microrhombeus,C.delavayi,C.formosus,C.petiolatus,C.dolichosceles are clusterd in a group,belonging to the perennial subgroup.The C.leiocalyx and C.Incanus,C.neurocalyx and C.macrocalyx,C.petiolatus and C.dolichosceles,C.microrhombeus and C.delavayi are clustered together respectively,indicating that they have a close genetic relationship with each other.This study provides a molecular basis for the systematic study of the Cyananthus.