The Study Of Social-psychological Risk Factors Of Adolescent Depression

Objectives Adolescent depression is a highly prevalent and recurrent illness and carries high individual, family, and social costs. In developed countries, the point-prevalence of depression in adolescents is estimated to range between 4 and 8%. Adolescent depression is associated with persistent and considerable functional impairment and serious negative consequences, such as suicide, poor performance at school, difficulty with interpersonal relationships, risk-taking behavior, and physical health problems. To understand the pathogenesis of depression in adolescents is challenging. In this study, we will focus on the risk factors of adolescent depression, in order to provide theoretical evidences to clinical psychotherapy.Methods In this study, 98 adolescents with depression were selected as the case group,and 100 healthy adolescents were selected as the control goup. Two groups were tested with Hamilton depression scale(HAMD), egna minnen barndoms uppfostran(EMBU),coping style questionnaire(CSQ), Childhood trauma questionnaire(CTQ), Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List(ASLEC), and adolescent social support rating.Results 1 In weight misperception rate, male students who have depressive symptoms were more likely to perceived themselves as underweight despite their normal weight than normal male students. More-over, female students who have depressive symptoms were more likely to perceived themselves as overweight when they were underweight. The adolescents with depression showed lower scores in the warmth and understanding of father and higher scores in the punishment of parents, rejection of parents and over protection of father. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). The patients have higher scores in self-blame and avoidance and lower scores in problems solving and seeking help. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). The adolescents with depression showed higher scoresin emotional abuse and emotional neglect factor. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). And those patients have more scores in factors study pressure, interpersonal relationships, punished, health, adaptation and others.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). The adolescents with depression showed lower scores in subjective support, objective support and utilization of social support. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). 2 In depression group,problems solving was positively correlated with the warmth and understanding of parents and social support(r=0.566, r=0.394, r=0.358, P<0.01), but it was negatively related to rejection of parents and childhood abuse(r=-0.412, r=-0.510, P<0.01). Seeking help was positively correlated with the warmth and understanding of parents and social support(r=0.468, r=0.491, r=0.395, P<0.01), but it was negatively related to childhood abuse(r=-0.402, P<0.01). Self-blame was positively correlated with rejection of mother and childhood abuse(r=0.550, r=0.399, P<0.01), but it was negatively related to social support(r=-0.231, P<0.05). Avoidance was positively correlated with rejection of mother 、 the punishment of parents and childhood abuse(r=0.477, r=0.376, r=0.524, r=0.406, P<0.01),but it was negatively related to social support(r=-0.219, P<0.05). 3 Major psycho-social risk factors such as parental rearing patterns, childhood abuse,negative life events and social support influence the adolescent depression by way of coping styles.Conclusions Adolescent depression patients with immature coping styles have poor parental rearing patterns, childhood abuse, negative life events and lack of social support system. Adolescent patients in the weight perception of different sex, there exist some different cognitive biases. Poor parental rearing patterns, childhood abuse, negative life events, the lack of social support system and weight misperception can predict the risk of adolescent depression. actively coping styles will effectively prevent adolescents from the depression.