| Objective To explore the clinical effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(r TMS) on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) of children.Method Twenty children with ADHD were involved in this study, who were administrated no treatment during the last 6 months. All subject received r TMS on bilateral frontal areas with 90%RMT, 600 pulses per day and per side, 5 days per week, 6 courses together. Before and after r TMS, EEG in rest state and a series scales(China-wechsler intelligence scale for children(C-WISC), Conners parent symptom questionnaire(PSQ), Conners teacher rating scale(TRS) and the scale for version IV of swanson nolan and pelham(SNAP-IV))were performed. The relative power percentage of EEG was calculated by self-made program on MATLAB7.0.4. All results were compared statistically between the pre- and pro- treatment.Result 1.The intelligence quotient(IQ) : The Verbal Intelligence Quotient(VIQ) was statistically higher(P<0.05)than the Performance Intelligence Quotient(PIQ); among the three kinds of IQ, the verbal comprehension IQ showed the highest value,while the memory/concentration IQ had the lowest one, there was statistically significant among the differences(P <0.05, P<0.01). 2.The conners parent symptom questionnaire(PSQ) : After the treatment, the total score of PSQ, the scores reduced compared with before, which related to moral problems, learning problems, hyperactivity-impulsion project, hyperactive index(P<0.05); The scores of physical and mental disorders had no significant change(P>0.05). The score varation rates of the moral problems and learning problems had no differences(P>0.05). But they both showed higher than hyperactivity-impulsive project(P<0.05, P<0.05). 3.The conners teacher rating scale(TRS): After six-course treatment, the total score and the scores of the moral problems, hyperactivity, inattention-passive project were significantly reduced(P<0.05); The score varation rate of the moral problems gained the highest value(P<0.05), while hyperactivity, inattention-passive project and hyperactive index had no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). 4.The scale for version IV of swanson nolan and Pelhmam(SNAP-IV): After treatment, the patients had significantly lower scores of the total items, attention, hyperactivity-impulsion and oppositional-defiant project(P<0.05). 5.The relative power percentage in EEG: After the six-course treatment, the relative power percentages in alpha band improved obviously, mainly at channels of FP1, FP2,F3, F4, C3, P3, O1, F8 and bilateral frontal areas, left- parietal region, left-occipital areas, right-temporal region(P<0.05). The relative power percentages of beta band were also increased at FP1, FP2, F3, F4, C3, C4, F7, T5 and the bilateral frontal areas(P<0.05). Meanwhile, the bilateral frontal, bilateral parietal, right-occipital, bilateral temporal areas and at all the channels except P4, O1, F7, the relative power percentages of theta band were significantly reduced(P<0.05), as well as the relative percentages of delta band at FP1, FP2, F3, F4, C3, F7, F8 and the bilateral frontal areas, left- occipital areas(P<0.05).Conclusions 1.Children with ADHD had higher IQ of the verbal scale than the operation scale, while among the three kinds of IQ, the verbal comprehension IQ is the maximum value, the minimum value is the the memory/concentration IQ; the executive dysfunction is existed. 2.Through the treatment to children with ADHD by r TMS, the relative power percentages of alpha and beta band are improved, while on theta and delta band reduced. 3.The results of relative power percentages about EEG can be used as an auxiliary examination to diagnose ADHD. It may be an objective and accurate indicator to evaluate the effect of treatment. 4.High frequency r TMS can improve clinical symptoms such as attention deficit, hyperactivity in ADHD children without side effect.r TMS can be applied in clinical treatment as an safe, effective non-medical method. |
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