| Chuanminshen violaceum (C. violaceum) Sheh et Shan, a species of monotypic genus in the family Umbelliferae, is an endemic medicinal plant in China. Pharmacological studies on C. violaceum extracts have reported that they have the abilities of antimutation, antitussive, expectorant, biologic immune, antifatigue, antioxidant activity, and antiviral. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of the essential oil, the different polar fractions of ethanol extract, proteins and polysaccharides of C. violaceum roots. The main results were as follows:1. Powders of C. violaceum were extracted with 95% ethanol, and the dried crude ethanol extract was suspended in water and sequentially fractioned with solvents of increasing polarity to obtain petroleum ether fraction, chloroform fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-butanol fraction. The bioactive compounds were analyzed by GC-MS. According to the results, the main volatile compounds of the fractions were falcarinol, bergapten, and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one. The silylated derivatives of the fractions were analyzed by GC-MS. According to the results, the non-volatile components such as organic acids, esters and sugar were identified. Antioxidant capacity was determined by reducing power, DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging effect. Total phenolics were determined by the phenol Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Almost all the assays suggested CF and EAF of ethanol extract to have strong ability of antioxidant capacity. It can be observed that the antioxidant activity of the fractions could be related to the beneficial effect of the phenolic compounds.2. The yields, properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Chuanminshen violaceum (CVPs) by different methods including heating reflux extraction (HRE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), were evaluated in this study. The preliminary characterization of CVPs was estimated by using GC-MS, HPGPC, and FTIR. The orthogonal experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction temperature 70℃, ultrasonic power 140W, water-raw material ratio 40 mL/g, ultrasonic action time 45min. Under this condition, the average rate of extraction of polysaccharides was 31.03%. The Box-Behnken design showed that optimum conditions were microwave power of 466 W, extraction temperature of 64.5℃, extraction time of 15 min, and water-raw material ratio of 40 mL/g. Under this condition, the average rate of extraction of polysaccharides was 34.59%. The result showed that the yield of the polysaccharides obtained by MAE was higher than those obtained by other methods. Two CVPs fractions (CVPs-Ⅰ and CVPs-Ⅱ) were obtained via stepwise ethanol precipitation. All CVPs and CVPs-Ⅰ were mainly consisted of arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose. There was no arabinose detected in CVPs-Ⅱ. All polysaccharides showed similar physicochemical characteristics and FT-IR spectra. The average molecular weights of CVPs-H, CVPs-U, CVPs-M, CVPs-Ⅰ and CVPs-Ⅱ were 257,103.63,138.42, 235.02, and 18.27 KDa, respectively. All CVPs samples exhibited certain antioxidant activity or reducing power to scavenge the DPPH and ABTS radicals, among which CVPs-II was the strongest. Compared with HRE, UAE and MAE resulted in the properties of CVPs with higher antioxidant activity. These data showed that MAE was more beneficial to enhance the extraction yields of CVPs, and obtain higher bioactive CVPs. CVPs-II was the main active fraction.In conclusion, Chuanminshen violaceum root has the potential to be explored as a source of natural antioxidants. |
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