| BackgroundWith the rapid economic development and lifestyle modification,obesity has become a global public health problem.In recent years,great deals of reports have shown a rising prevalence of obesity among young children and adolescents.It is well known that obese children and adolescents often complicate hypertension,dyslipidemia,insulin resistance(IR),type 2 diabetes,and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).They were independent risk factors of artery impairments.Several studies had reported that artery impairments started early in life,presumably during childhood,although most of them were reported during adulthood.Hence,early screening the artery impairments and their risk factors were important to prevent cardio-cerebro vascular diseases.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between carotid IMT and immune parameters in obese children and adolescents.MethodsAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 185 obese children aged from 5 to 16 years were enrolled as obese group in this study.Other 211 age and gender-matched no-obese healthy children were recruited as control group.The anthropometric parameters,biochemistry markers and immune parameters were measured.Their body mass index(BMI),ratio of waist to hipline(W/H ratio),insulin resistance by homeostasis model(HOMA-IR)and beta cell function by homeostasis model(HOMA-β)were calculated.Meanwhile,we measured the carotid IMT by B-mode ultrasound.Then,a database was established and analyseed by using SPSS software(11.5 Version).Results1.Clinic characteristics of obese and control groups(1)No significant difference of age and gender was found between obese and control groups(P>0.05,respectively).In the obese group,BMI,W/H ratio,and the levels of systolic pressure,diastolic pressure were significantly higher than those in the control groups(P<0.001,respectively).(2)Alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate amino transferase(AST),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),uric acid(UA),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),apolipoprotein B(ApoB),fasting insulin(FI),HOMA-IR,and HOMA-β in obese group were higher than those in control group as well(P<0.05,respectively)while high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and ApoAl in obese group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.01,respectively).(3)The serum levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in obese group were higher than those in control group(P<0.001,respectively).(4)In the obese group,the serum levels of insulinlike growth factor(IGF)-1,IGF binding protein(IGFBP)-3,luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),and testosterone(T)were higher than those in control group(P<0.05,respectively)while the level of prolactin(PRL)was significantly decreased(P<0.001,respectively).(5)CCA IMT and ICA IMT in obese group were higher than those in control group(P<0.05,respectively).No significant difference of CCA IMT and ICA IMT was found between boys and girls in the obese group(p>0.05,respectively).2.The Pearson correlation analysis between IMT and other factors in obese childrenIn the obese group,common carotid artery(CCA)IMT was positively correlated with weight,BMI,hip circumference,lg(ALT),lg(AST),ln(10×TG),lg(UA),ApoB,ln(IL-6),ln(IL-10),ln(TNF-α),IGF-1,IGFBP-3,FSH,and testosterone,and inversely correlated with ApoAl(P<0.05,respectively).Internal carotid artery(ICA)IMT was positively correlated with age,lg(ALT),lg(AST),and FSH and inversely correlated with ApoAl as well(P<0.05,respectively).3.Multiple linear regression analysis:In obese children,testosterone,lg(ALT),and ln(TNF-α)were the independent determinants of CCA IMT,FSH was the independent determinant of ICA IMT.Conclusions1.The carotid IMT in obese children is closely correlated to obesity,liver enzyme,dyslipidemia,adipocytokines,and serum sex hormone levels.2.High levels of testosterone,ALT,TNF-α,and FSH may lead to carotid atherosclerosis.3.ApoAl may be a protective factor against atherosclerosis. |
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