The Lived Experiences And Nursing Needs In The Self-management Of Newly Diagnosed Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

[Objectives] To explore the lived experiences and feelings of newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the process of self-management and to analysis their nursing needs to provide practical evidence for diabetic nurse specialists in developing and conducting health education programs aiming to improve the self-management ability of newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.[Methods] Phenomenological research was used in this study.Using the purposeful sample method,12 newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from a local general hospital between October 2016 and January 2017.Data were collected by a face-to-face in-depth interview with the help of a semi-structural interview schedule which was voice-recorded and transcribed within 24 hours.The adopted Colaizzl’s reductive procedure was used for thematic analysis.[Results] Semi-structured interviews were extracted five themes,each topic contains 2-3 the branch themes: Theme 1 Knowledge Deficits: manifested as disease knowledge deficit(including disease etiology)and self-care knowledge deficit(including diet,exercise,medication,etc.)Theme 2 Negative emotion: manifested as diagnosis of sad and pessimistic,consequence of worry and fear,anxiety and self-confidence of disease management.Theme 3 Incorrect self-management behaviors: poor self-management behavior: in blood sugar monitoring,diet control,according to medical medicine showed poor self-management behavior.The main reason for the job is busy,the psychological fear,not a positive attitude towards the disease,such as poor self-control and self-management in knowledge.Theme 4 Nursing needs on health information support(health education): manifested as urgently demanded for the knowledge of how to prevent and treatment the disease complications and the self-management knowledge of the diabetes complications prevention.Theme 5 Two types of coping to self-management: individual independent coping and social supporting-system coping.[Conclusions] Newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes pay great attention to self-management,but they tend to lack disease knowledge,have negative emotion and bad self-management behaviors.Some patients mainly dealt with individual independence coping,while there is also a part of patients seeked the social support system to cope with,when they faced the pressure of self-management.Patients had definite nursing needs,so health care workers should pay attention to the patient’s inner experience,take the personalized health guidance strategies to meet the demand of the care and guide,set up correct self-management behavior to help them enhance the response force in order to improve patients self management efficiency.