| Background:Trace elements are widely distributed in daily life and natural environment,participating in the homeostasis of the body,playing an important role in endocrine,reproductive development,energy metabolism,etc.Trace element anomalies(too much or too little)and toxic traces of heavy metals(or metalloid)may even lead to an increased risk of common chronic diseases,including hypertension,diabetes,and hyperlipidemia.Studies have shown that trace elements in urine,blood,hair and other biological samples can reflect the characteristics of trace elements in human body.Drinking water and dietary routes are the main routes of exposure to trace elements.Dietary exposure assessment is also an important means to evaluate the relationship between trace elements and human health.However,at present,the health risk assessment of trace elements associated with metabolic diseases is mainly limited to internal exposure or dietary exposure,while the study on the effects of dietary exposure on internal exposure is relatively rare.Therefore,based on the screening of common chronic diseases risk of multiple trace elements,a systematic evaluation system for the trace elements from the primary agricultural products to the human body throμgh the dietary pathway is established to provide epidemiological evidence for the study of trace element health effects and to provide new ideas and practical basis for the assessment of dietary exposure to trace elements.Purposes:An environmental epidemiological study was conducted in a non-occupational exposure community in the central of Jiangsu Province to explore the exposure characteristics and exposure levels of various common trace elements.The key elements of three common health effects of hypertension,hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia were screened out.By assessing the dietary exposure of the screening elements,the effects of dietary exposure on the exposure were analyzed,and the dietary trends that were more likely to cause increased exposure in the elements with health hazard effects were analyzed.The purpose is to clarify the health hazards of common trace elements,to explore the relationship between dietary exposure and internal exposure,to explore dangerous dietary tendencies,and to provide health advice to prevent common chronic diseases in the population.Methods:Based on the principle of cluster sampling,this study selected 3,162 persons from a non-professional exposed community in central Jiangsu Province to carry out epidemiological surveys and dietary surveys.This study collected urine samples,drinking water and main food samples(rice,flour,vegetables,fruits,soy products,meat,fish and eggs,etc)in accordance with the relevant standards and standards.Integrated use of microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),18 kinds of common trace elements(Li,B,Al,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Mo,Cd,Cs,Ba,Tl and Pb)were detected from the samples that have been collected.According to the results of epidemiological investigations,three kinds of metabolic diseases including hypertension,hyperglycemia,and hyperlipidemia contrast with health effect cases.Logistic regression was used to screen for elements that may increase the risk of developing three types of diseases.Combining the study population dietary survey,the dietary exposures of the screening elements were evaluated,using multiple linear regression model to assess the effects of a dietary exposure volume internally exposed,thus using principal component method to filter element parting exposure model,then analysis the more exposure increases in dietary patterns and types of food.Result:1.Exposure characteristics of trace elements in human urine and main foodsIn the study group,18 trace elements in urine were detected,and the content levels were B>Ti>Zn>Mo>Al>Li>Pb>As>Cu>Cr>Ba>Cs>Mn>Ni>Cd>V>Co>TI;after normal transformation,there is a significant correlation between multi-element content.Gender and age are the influencing factors for the exposure of trace elements.All the elements in drinking water and food samples were also detected.From the comparison of the detected values of various elements in the same food sample,it can be seen that the detection values of Mn,Cu,Zn and Al in various samples are high,while the values of Tl,Cd,Ti,B and Li were all low.2.Health Effects screening of trace elements related to metabolic diseasesThe results showed that gender,age,BMI,family income and genetic family history were the factors affected hypertension,diabetes and hyperlipidemia.The inner-exposure of Li,Tl can increase all kinds of disease risk,increase of Al can invrease risk of new hypertension and diabetes,B and As can cause the increase of diabetes,Cu,Zn,Mn can respectively cause hypertension,new diabetes and diabetes.According to the results of filter element mutual correction,the associated with hypertension,diabetes and hyperlipidemia and Tl were stronger than Li,the strength of associated with new risk of hypertension were Tl > Cu > Al/Li,the strength of associated with diabetaes were Tl > Li > As/Zn > B,the strength associated with new risk of diabetes were Li > Tl/As > Mn/Al > B.3.Dietary Exposure Assessment of Main Elements and Analysis of Internal and External Exposure RelationshipsThe main intake of dietary elements was Mn>Cu>Zn>Al>As>B>Li>TI.The main food sources of Li and B were vegetables,and the main food sources of Al were vegetables and meat.The main food sources of Mn were meat,vegetables,and staple foods.The main food sources of Cu,Zn,and As were vegetables and staple foods,respectively.The mainly source of dietary exposure of TI was meat.According to principal component analysis,dietary pattern could be divided into 3 parts.PCA1 model was based on fish,eggs,and fruits,PCA2 model was based on vegetables and meat,and PCA3 model was based on staple foods and drinking water.In the PCA2 mode,Al and Mn increased linearly with the model score.The inner-exposure of Al,Cu,Zn,As and Tl increased by 0.121%,0.087%,0.252%,0.075% and 0.024% respectively.The vegetable intake of Mn can cause in the Mn exposure value increased by 0.512%;In the PCA1 population,the exposure to Al and TI exposed to drinking water increased the exposure by 0.254% and 0.050%,respectively,as in drinking water or fish intake increased the amount of As exposure by 0.108% or 0.169%,respectively.Under the PCA2 model,the amount of Al increased by dietary pathway,and the content of Al in urine increased by 1.70%.There was a positive linear relationship between Li,Al,Mn,Cu,and Tl and the internal exposure of vegetables.The exposure values of Zn and As exposed by drinking water increased by 0.71%,0.138% respectively.In the PCA3 mode,the Cu amount absorbed by drinking water can lead to an increase of 0.137% in Cu exposure.Conclusion:Increased exposure of Li,B,Al,Mn,Cu,Zn,As,and Tl may increase the risk of metabolic disorders such as hypertension,diabetes,and hyperlipidemia.Intake of Al,Cu,Zn,As,,Tl throμgh water and intake of Mn throμgh vegetables can cause corresponding increase in internal exposure,fish-based and vegetable-based dietary patterns will increase the relevant trends. |
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