The Studying Of Two Chinese Universal Quantifiers In Teaching Chinese As A Foreign Language

Human language has both generality and difference,these differences mainly display in three aspects:first,linguistic inventory;second,different movement;third,functional category of different languages behave differently in explicit implement or implicit implement.The article mainly discussed universal quantifier,we divided into two categories:collective universal quantifier,distributive universal quantifier.And compared with English,expounded their differences from the perspective of linguistic inventory and movement,And then we analyzed the acquisition of two Chinese universal quantifiers by the English students.The first chapter is introduction.The second chapter mainly discussed the characteristic of Chinese universal quantifier,including three aspects:the universal quantifier as syntactic constituents,universal quantifier with "Dou",and universal quantifier scope.According to the investigation and statistics of modern Chinese corpus,the study found that the collective universal quantifier "fan" can only make a subject,appeared on the subject position,and other universal quantifiers are all can do the full name of the subject(the subject center),object(the object center),attributive,and some universal quantifiers can do adverbial,such as the collective universal quantifier "quanbu",the distributive universal quantifier "mei/ge".But there is not one-to-one correspondence between Chinese universal quantifier and English universal quantifier.A English universal quantifier usually correspond more than one Chinese universal quantifier.And "every" correspond "mei" and "suoyou" of Chinese,but they are belong to different semantic categories in Chiese.Furthermore,there are different in syntactic constituents between Chinese universal quantifier and English universal quantifier.About the co-occurrence of universal quantifier and "Dou",universal quantifier(universal quantifier noun phrase)only in the following three kinds of syntactic component can occur with "Dou":First,the subject,the subject center;Second,the object,the object center,appearing in the form of "….verb/preposition + universal quantifier/universal quantifier noun phrase +…+(Dou)+predicate composition";Third,the adverbial before or after the subject or subject omitted.According to the morden Chinese corpus statistics,the co-occurrence frequency about universal quantifier(universal quantifier noun phrase)as subject with "Dou" is higher than object,and as object with "Dou" is higher than as adverbial.In addition when the sentence on the semantic choose other words,"Dou" may don't appear.This words are "ye(jiu/zong)?jiu?jie?ju?ji?zong".But there is no "Dou"in English.About scope matter,there was no scope ambiguity when Chinese universal quantifier in subject position co-occur with negative adverbs,it only express full negation.There was an argument about the scope matter between universal quantifier and existential quantifier,universal quantifier and WH-word were also.According to the statistics of questionnaire survey,we found:when collective universal quantifier"suoyou" co-occur with existential quantifier "yi" or WH-word,the sentence tend to"collective reading";when distributive universal quantifier "mei" co-occur with existential quantifier "yi" or WH-word,the sentence tend to distributive reading;when this two universal quantifier co-occur with existential quantifier "mou",the sentence all tend to collective reading.But in English,they are typical scope ambiguity sentences.In the third chapter,through the sorting and investigation of "HSK dynamic composition corpus" to learn foreign students mastery of the universal quantifier.We found that the foreign students can master Chinese universal quantifier in all kinds of syntactic locations,but with "Dou",they occurred errors,including leave out and confusion.We analyzed reasons of the errors:First,negative language transfer,the universal quantifier with "Dou" is Chinese peculiarity,but English not.Second,Chinese universal quantifier also can co-occur with other words,and the distinctions between "Dou" and other words are not obvious.For the peculiarity of Chinese universal quantifier with "Dou",form the point of view of syntactical analysis,the acquisition order of the foreign students is:subject(subject center)>object(object center)>adverbial.Because the universal quantifier as subject co-occur with "Dou" is more general,but the universal quantifier as object co-occur with "Dou" is limited to the specific structure,and only "quanbu"?"mei" can co-occur with "Dou" when they make adverbial.In the fourth chapter,we discussed the acquisition conditions in Chinese universal quantifier scope about the foreign students through the questionnaire survey.According to the result of the questionnaire survey,we have found that the foreign students learned better with the improvement of Chinese.According to the result of SPSS,we have found that there were no significant difference between chinese and foreign students in Chinese universal quantifier with negative adverbs.But in the other two scope,there were significant differences,the foreign students can't acquire completely.Because there was no scope ambiguity in Chinese universal quantifier with negative adverbs,but there was scope ambiguity when it occur with existential quantifier or WH-word and there is a tendency in chinese scope ambiguity,not as typical as in English.It is very difficult for the foreign students to understand this,because their mother tongue is not Chinese.Chapter Five is a survey of the textbook so as to give some suggestions for textbook's compile and teachers' teaching.