Development And Research Of Sino-Russian Commodity Trade During The 18^th And 19^th Centuries

The trade between China and Russia has a long history.Since the Qing Dynasty,the rapid development between China and Russia led to the formation of a new trade road to the Eurasian continent,which had become an important business communication channel between China and West.Although Russia is an European country but geographically most of the territory is actually in Asia.Also form of government is centralized monarchy as well as China.Before 18th century,Russian national power and economy was significantly behind China,but after opening up the frontier trade in modern times Russia gradually started surpass China.Considering the reason of the change,it is not just the matter of bilateral trade,but it is undoubted that opening of the frontier trade was one of turning point in the development of the modern Sino-Russian trade.Since then,structure of economic development had been changed in two countries.In this article from the point of view of the development of the 18-19 century border trade from the root explores the causes of the economic development of the modern state.Trade between Russia and China on the basis of different natural resource endowments is firstly generated according to the existence of the trade or not.This property decides what kind of products to produce.Sino-Russian trade is the objective requirements of social and economic development of the both countries.Sino-Russian frontier trade in the early modern times is typical traditional trade and still supposed that is complementary type of trade commodities,long-term trade relation satisfies peoples need of two countries,also blooming of some of border regions and small towns,commodity circulation promotes related industrial development.But also means a lot for the national finance as well as for Russian Industrial Revolution has important significance.The most important is that Russia established economic relations of capitalism,which led to changes of structure of modern society in China.The development of modern trade has its own unique characteristics which can be referred to by the developing countries in modern times.According to regional characteristics of modern Sino-Russian trade development in 18-19 century,this thesis is divided into the following parts:The first part is an introduction.The second part describes and summarizes the development and characteristics of 18-19 century Sino-Russian trade:transformation of land trade,multi-level market and commodity transaction from traditional form to modern trade.The third chapter describes 19 century Sino-Russian tea trade and development of Hankou tea market.The fourth chapter,we conduct comparative analyze of the "commercial capital,factor endowment and trading contract" about Hankou tea market between China and Russia in the late Qing Dynasty,study the early industrialization and trade of tea with the combination of "international trade contract theory" and "the theory of dynamic growth of Smith economy",explore early industrialization in Wuhan and the impact of market contract behavior on trade,reveal and verify the deep reasons for the different development about the modem global trade "big differentiation" in developing countries to provide reference for the present.The last part contains fifth and sixth chapters which analyzes how the bilateral trade impact on modem social and economic development of the both countries.The innovation of this paper is to study the effect of contract theory on the trade between China and Russia when applied into micro-theory in the international trade theory under the condition of single currency.The result turns out that Russia get more benefits than China.This marks the emergence of big differentiation of modern China and Russia in the trade development,triggers of changes in the structure of national development and bilateral trade deficit began to appear.Import gradually surpasses export and economic development is still quite low.The causes of this outcome lie in the ability of the government to control society,the attitude and system choice.Powerful government attitude and the ability to control society is extremely important for modern development which can be a reference for developing countries.