Research On The Development Of Historical And Cultural Villages And Towns In Anshun Tunbao Cultural District, Guizhou

Anshun is located at the inland of Guizhou and is always reputed as the "abdomen of Guizhou, the throat of Yunnan and the teeth of Guangdong and Sichuan". At the begi nning of Ming dynasty, in order for sweeping off the relic forces of Yuan dynasty, Zhu Y uanzhang, in command of 300 thousand soldiers, launched a huge conquest of the King Liang. Zhu Yuanzhang leaved parts of the soldiers in the south to establish military outp osts for reign. Later, in pursuit of developing the southwest, Ming dynasty had also orga nized a great number of Chinese Han people from Jianghuai, Huguang and Sichuan to e stablish commercial outposts and folk outposts in Guizhou. These Chinese Han migrant s, pushed by state policies, were the very first origin of Anshun Tunpu. They brought cu ltures from their hometowns and had gradually shaped new cultures of Anshun Tunpu b y combining their cultures with the local ones in the past 600 years.This paper mainly sorts out the history of Anshun Tunpu cultural area and investig ates its unique Tunpu settlements and folk customs. It further discusses the protection an d utilization of Tunpu on the basis of the previous research.In the first part, the paper sorts out the history of Tunpu cultural area and analyses the origin and formation of the Tunpu settlements. It discovers that the Tunpu group mainly consisted of the state-policy migrants of "from north to conquer south" and "from north to fill in south", travelers and the Han ethnic merchants. Beginning in the Hongwu reign, this migration lasted for 600 hundred years. During the period, there had been consistent changes of administrative systems in Anshun, with a number of Han people from diverse places communicating their cultures in this area, which gradually encouraged the formation of Anshun Tunpu cultural district. Due to its geographical closeness and political strategies, the Tunpu cultural district presented relatively strong stability.In the second part, it introduces the geographical environment of the Tunpu settlement, and researches the site preference and distribution features of the Tunpu settlements. Moreover, it analyses the distribution from the aspects of spot, line and area, discovering the defense function of Tunpu. In order to adapt to the Karst landform in Anshun and strengthen the defense function, the Tunpu had widely used stone materials. Tunpu walls and watchtowers were frequently seen in the Tunpu settlement, which shows their emphasis on the defense function.In the third part, it inspects into the daily life of Anshun Tunpu people to look at the local customs.In the fourth part, on the base of the above-mentioned analysis, the paper further discusses about protection and utilization of the Anshun Tunpu from the aspects of its current status, problems, causes and counter-measures. Plus, it takes Yunshan outpost, which is the typical representative of the whole Tunpu cultural area, as an example to make a case study, and hopes to reach a concluding mode of protection and utilization that could be conducive to the villages and towns’ development in the Anshun Tunpu cultural area.