| Biodiversity is the material basis for human survival,and plays an extremely important role in maintaining the stability and functionality of the ecosystem,and wild vertebrates are an important part of biodiversity.However,the newly established Tangdun Hu Reserve is short of investigating and researching on the diversity of wild vertebrates,meanwhile the characteristics of landform,vegetation and climate of Tangdun Hu Reserve are typical,unique and representative.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct a systematic and comprehensive survey on the diversity of wild vertebrates in Tangdun Hu Reserve.The diversity of wild vertebrates in Tangdun Hu Reserve was investigated in detail from September 2017 to December 2019 by using sample line method,sample point method,sample method,direct counting method,literature review method and interview method.The main results are as follows:1.FishesThere are 8 species of fishes in Tangdun Hu Reserve,which belong to 1 order,2families and 4 genera.2.Amphibians and reptilesThere are 11 species of amphibians and reptiles,belonging to 2 orders,8 families and 9 genera,including 1 order,2 families,2 genera and 2 species of amphibians and1 order,6 families,7 genera and 9 species of reptiles.1 specie widely distributed and10 species are Palaearctic according to the fauna composition.2 amphibians and 9reptiles belong to the Northeast-North China type and Central-Asia type respectively according to the distribution characteristics.The diversity of amphibians and reptiles in four habitat types of wetland,grassland,shrubbery and desert in Tangdun Hu Reserve was analyzed.The results showed that the diversity index and evenness index of wetland habitat types are the lowest,while the dominance index are the highest.3.BirdsThere are 120 species of birds which belong to 15 orders,34 families and 80 genera.67 species widely distributed and 53 species are Palaearctic according to the fauna composition.The distribution types include 9 types of which Unknown type,Northeast-North China type,Palaearctic type,Oriental type,Highland type,Holarctic type,Northeast China type,Central-Asia type and Monsoon type.Divided by resident type,the summer migrants are the most types,followed by residents,passing birds and winter migrants.Analysis of the composition of bird communities in different seasons showed that 58 species in spring,87 species in summer,68 species in autumn,44 species in winter.Analysis of species diversity levels of bird communities in different seasons showed that Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H): Autumn > Summer> Spring>Winter;Pielou evenness index(E): Autumn> Spring> Summer> Winter;Simpson dominance index(C): Winter>Summer > Spring>Autumn;Diversity analysis of bird community family and genera in different seasons showed that F index,G index and G-F index of summer migratory birds are the highest.Analysis of the composition of bird communities in different habitats showed that there are 11 orders,24 families and 68 species of birds in wetland habitat;10orders,21 families and 56 species in grassland habitat;8 orders,19 families and 50 species in shrubbery habitat,4 orders,9 families and 19 species in desert habitat.Diversity analysis of bird community families and genera in different habitats: F index,G index,and G-F index of wetland habitat are the highest;F index,G index and G-F index of desert habitat bird communities are the lowest,indicating that the species diversity of desert habitat bird is relatively low,the distribution is relatively single at the family and genera level,and there are more single species.4.MammalsThere are 29 species of mammals which belong to 6 orders,13 families and 26 genera,including 15 species of rodents,1 specie of insectivora;19 species are Palaearctic and 10 species widely distributed according to the fauna composition.The distribution types include 6 types of which Holarctic type,Central-Asia type,Unknown type,Highland type,Palaearctic type and Oriental type. |
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