Study On The Preparation Of Alkyl Glucoside

Alkyl glucoside is a new type of non-ionic surfactant,which is non-toxic,harmless and biodegradable.It is widely used in cosmetics,pharmaceuticals and other areas of production,is internationally recognized as the "green" functional surfactant.In this paper,using direct method synthetize the alkyl glycosides with fatty alcohol and glucosum anhydricum.Aiming at the problems existing in the production,the catalyst,the raw-contact manner and the synthesis process conditions on the single glycosides yield and product quality is studied respectively.The refined method of product was investigated.The synthesis experiments respectively used the single inorganic acids,organic acids and composite organic acid.Screening a composite acid catalyst composed of organic acid A(main catalyst)and organic acid M(cocatalyst).Using this catalyst to carry on the reaction and study its catalytic effect.Glycosidation reaction is a solid-liquid heterogeneous reaction.Glucose is not easy to dissolve in the fatty alcohol with weak polarity,so the reaction is hard to carry out.To increase the contact area of raw materials,increasing the collision probability of glucose and fatty alcohol,decyl glucoside was synthesized by the direct reaction of anhydrous glucose and decyl alcohol using the imitating solation mixing.The raw materials with 1:1 mass ratio were treated by the imitating solation mixing for 60 min.At this time,the glucose particle size was reduced to an average of submicron.Raw material liquid is evenly mixed and stability.Taking this mixture under the action of the catalyst,the reaction time was significantly shortened,at the same time,the transformation of glucose more thoroughly.The product color was pale yellow or close to colorless.The raw materials were treated by the imitating solation mixing.Using the compound acid catalyst,the APG8-10 synthesis technology was studied using the direct method with C8～10 fatty alcohol and anhydrous glucose.Reaction conditions are optimized by the orthogonal experiment,finally got the target product.Using molecular distillation removed the residue fatty alcohol in this paper.The effects of the speed of drive,the vacuum degree and temperature on the final residual fatty alcohol content were investigated.The residual alcohol content less than 1%at 100～130Pa,140℃ and the drive speed of 25rpm/min.The product conformed to the requirements of GB/T 19464-2004.The crude product which has been removed the fatty alcohol was treated by activated carbon adsorption and oxidation with H2O2,and finally got the APG products with 30 hazen.