Health And Economic Benefit Assessment Of Controlling PM_2.5and O₃ Pollution Based BenMAP In Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

In recent years,bad air quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has affected the health of residents,resulting great economic losse.In this study,we simulated the exposure level of fine particulate matter（PM2.5）and ozone（O3）in the study area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,using the PM2.5 and O3 concentration data from all the monitor sites in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in year 2015-2016.The Class I and Class II limits specified in the "China National Ambient Air Quality Standard"（GB3095-2012）and the recommendations in the World Health Organization（WHO）"Air Quality Guidelines" was also used to simulate the control scenarios.The evaluation process also used the resident population in three studied locations including Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei province as exposed population;as well as the mortality data of death of all causes,cardiovascular disease,and respiratory disease as health endpoints.The object of this study was to evaluate the health benefits and economical benefits of reducing the concentration of PM2.5 and O3₈h to the different standard levels in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.The former was evaluated based on the exposure-response coefficient obtained from epidemiology,while the latter was evaluated based on willingness to pay（WTP）and human capital（HC）methods.The main conclusions obtained are as follows:（1）In 2015～2016.Beijing has the highest PM2.5 and O3 exposure levels in all cities in the studied region.The PM2.5 concentrations in spring and winter were higher than the other two seasons,and the concentration of O3 in summer was higher than the other three seasons.（2）The control of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area can bring great health benefits.The chronic health benefits brought by the PM2.5 control scenario are greater than the acute health benefits,and the chronic health benefits in 2015 is greater than the level in 2016.If the PM2.5 annual average concentration can be controlled to the WHO recommended annual mean value（10μg/m3）in 2015 and 2016,116,444 and 104,895 death of all-cause.52,306 and 47,532 cases of cardiovascular death,5010 and 4470 cases of respiratory death can be avoided in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,respectively.If O3₈h can be reduced to the Class I（100μg/m3）of GB3095-2012,6334 cases of all cause death,4331 cases of cardiovascular death and 1105 cases of respiratory death can be avoided in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 2015;3956 cases of all cause death,2742 cases of cardiovascular death,and 691 cases of respiratory death were avoided in 2016.（3）Achievement of standards can bring huge economic benefits.If the PM2.5 annual average concentration was reduced to the WHO recommended value（10μg/m3）in 2015 and 2016,the economic benefits will be 204 billion yuan and 186 billion yuan,respectively,based on the WTP method,accounting for 2.92%and 2.44%of the GDP of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.