Application Of Landscape Ecological Redline Based On Ecosystem Services In China’s Coastal Reclamation Area

Coastal zone is the interacting area between land and ocean,with highly sensitive and vulnerable ecosystem condition.Especially,natural features and ecosystem conditions of coastal zone have been changing essentially with sea reclamation activities,intensive human exploitation and utilization.The study area is located at the coastal reclamation area in China,this work obtains the vector data of coastal reclamation area through human-computer interactive visual interpretation method.Based on the vector data,the impact of coastal reclamation for changes of landscape type and ecosystem services in the coastal reclamation were evaluated.Important eco-zone and eco-fragile areas were identified based on the assessment results of ecosystem services.As following is the main contents and conclusions of this study:(1)High-resolution data of coastline and sea reclamation were obtained by using Google Earth high-resolution remote sensing image and Landsat TM historical image with field investigation and verification in China from 1990 to 2015.Natural coastline was artificialized seriously during 1990 to 2015,and the ratio of natural coastline decreased to 33.84%in 2015,which was lower than the national controlling goal of 35%.Furthermore,average expansion speed of sea reclamation was 3.8×104 hectare per year from 1990 to 2015,the area with the largest increasing were artificial wetland,construction land,bare land and new waters,which were distributed along the coast of the Circum-Bohai-Sea,the Yangtze River Delta,West Coast of Taiwan Strait and the Pearl River Delta.And landscape type of sea reclamation area provided important functions of production and living for coastal residents,such as food(aquaculture),raw material(salt pan),residential(urban construction),economic trade(port and dock,industrial land)and so on.(2)Based on the high-resolution data of sea reclamation,this research evaluated the ecosystem service value of coastal reclamation area in Chinafrom 1990 to 2015.Results of space-time characteristics showed that total ecosystem service value had a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2015,with 6.6 billion Yuan of an average annual loss value of ecosystem services:cultural services>supply services>regulating services>supporting services.In addition,ecosystem service value in Fujian indicates an increasing trend,while they were decreasing in other provinces and the largest loss value of ecosystem service was in Jiangsu and Shanghai.Results of cluster and outlier analysis showed,High-High Cluster(HH)of ecosystem service value in 2015 was distributed in less vulnerable areas,included the coast of the Circum-Bohai-Sea,the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta mainly,most were concentrated in Yangtze River Delta.And High-Low Outlier(HL)was distributed along the coast of the Circum-Bohai-Sea,Yangtze River Delta and Fujian Province,especially more dispersed in Fujian,which showed differences of ecosystem service value in these areas were obvious and some island-like high-value areas should attract attention in the lower value of ecosystem services.Cluster and outlier analysis of loss value of ecosystem services from 1990 to 2015 only included High-Low Outlier(HL)which was distributed along the coast of the Yangtze River Delta mainly,that indicated quite different about loss value of ecosystem service in this area.(3)From the perspective of landscape ecology,this study provides a method of Landscape Ecological Redline(LER)delineating in China’s sea reclamation area and identified the space protection range of radiationable surrounding area of LER,which is based on results of ecosystem service value evaluation of high resolution landscape type in sea reclamation area.The characteristics of LER in sea reclamation area were dispersed and regionally centralized distribution.LER was distributed in the landscape of artificial wetland,remaining natural wetland,bare land and new waters.Based on the main landscape types,coastal natural reserve areas and coastal ecological-living-industrial land was combined into the space protection range of the radiationable surrounding area of LER,as dynamic elastic space to enhance the LER.Based on ecosystem service value and loss value assessment,for the first time,this research intends to research LER of sea reclamation area on the scale of China’s coast with innovation in some extent.Sea reclamation area is an important area to research the integration of land and sea.Results in this study can provide data support and methods accumulation for integration of land and sea as a research case to improve management system of land and sea.