| Sour jujube,Rhamnus,also known as jujube or red dates,as food and herbal medicine for more than 3000 years.The description of Zizyphus jujuba is first recorded in the Book of Songs(1046-77 BC).At present,jujube products are widely distributed all over the world.Jujube,as an important food and medicine,has a long history in China.In the book of the Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic(475-221 B.C.)of ancient Chinese medicine,jujube is described as one of the five most precious fruits in China.In the Shennong Herbal Classic(300 B.C.-200 A.D.),jujube is considered to be an excellent Chinese medicine for prolonging life by nourishing blood,improving sleep quality and regulating the digestive system.Jujube has been eaten for thousands of years,and it still has an impact on our daily life.Recent phytochemical and pharmacological studies have shown that flavonoids,polysaccharides and triterpene acids are the main active constituents of jujube.The results showed that flavonoids and polysaccharides had a certain effect on the antioxidant activity of jujube.In addition,Zizyphus jujuba polysaccharides are also considered as the main active components of immune regulation and hematopoietic function.Three terpene acids are considered to be effective components of antiinflammatory and anticancer activities,.In addition,Betula acid and jujube B are active components,which are beneficial to the cardiovascular system.The research on bioactivity provides beneficial health effects for jujube as health food and medicinal plants.According to the theory of Chinese medicine,red dates are considered to be a sedative and relieving strain.Clinically,jujube is often used as a single herb or tranquilizer in combination with other herbs to treat insomnia and amnesia.Previous studies have reviewed the components and health functions of fruits.The study of antioxidant activity and inflammation is rather limited.Therefore,this article will introduce the anti-inflammatory effect of jujube.In addition,potential bioactivities and anticoagulant benefits of jujube were also discussed.In this study,we used concanavalin-induced liver injury as a model to study the preventive effect of essential oil from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae on acute fulminant liver injury.Virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)usually evolves over a long period of time in a strong oxidative microenvironment,characterized by hepatic inflammation and coagulation.They eventually lead to carcinogenic mutations in many cell signaling cascades,which drive cell growth and proliferation.Therefore,oxidative stress caused by hepatitis virus is one of the main factors driving the transformation of liver tumors.Changing the redox homeostasis of cells plays an important role in the initiation and establishment of chronic viral infection and in the process and outcome of hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Changing the redox homeostasis of cells plays an important role in the initiation and establishment of chronic viral infection and in the process and outcome of hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.ConA-induced hepatitis is the most commonly used model because it has significant changes in transaminase levels,inflammatory cytokines and immune cells.In addition,Con A is an agglutinin with agglutinating activity,leading to significant sinus stasis,characterized by lymphocyte and neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells,erythrocyte agglutination and platelet aggregation/degranulation.Overall,these events led to a significant increase in portal pressure and a decrease in intrahepatic blood flow,leading to severe liver injury.Anticoagulant therapy significantly reduced Con A-induced liver injury,suggesting that sinusoidal tubular hypercoagulation accompanied by thrombin production plays a key role in the process of injury.More importantly,the alleviation of liver injury in mice with hepatocyte tissue factor deficiency indicates the significance of intrahepatic coagulation activation in acute liver injury.In this study,we studied the protective effect of jujube essential oil(JEO)on ConA induced mouse hepatitis model.We evaluated the expression levels of TF and inflammatory cytokines.It is suggested that JEO inhibits the activation of intrahepatic coagulation through TF and mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK signaling pathway. |
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