| Urbanization is a powerful engine for sustained and healthy economic development.Since the reform and opening up,China’s urbanization has experienced a low-starting and fast development process.At the same time,however,some cities have been paying attention to pursue the pace of urbanization too much,ignoring the importance of efficiency.In particular,China is currently in an important period of economic transformation and upgrading and new urbanization,in order to solve the problems of excessive consumption of resources exposed in the process of urbanization and the continuous increase of environmental pollution,the state has emphasized the concept of using ecological civilization to lead the development efficiency of new urbanization.In fact,environmental regulations are the main tools for the government to improve the environment,and play an indispensable role in the important task of urban environmental governance.In particular,government regulation has been strengthened in recent years.Based on this,research on environmental regulation is not only important for the mechanism and effect of urbanization efficiency in China,but also beneficial to improve urban environment and promote its efficient and sustainable development.However,few literatures study the efficiency of urbanization from the perspective of environmental regulation,which leads to the lack of comprehensiveness and depth of this subject study.In view of this,this paper combines the input and output data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2006 to 2016,and uses the super-efficiency-SBM model,Malmquist productivity index model,common panel model and spatial regression model to carry out theoretical analysis and empirical test.To explore the improvement path of urbanization efficiency,this paper analyzes the evaluation of urbanization efficiency and the process of spatial and temporal evolution under the constraints of ecological constraints,and clarifies the influence mechanism and effect of environmental regulation on urbanization efficiency.Firstly,the environmentally constrained undesired outputs are included in the urbanization efficiency evaluation system when analyzing and analyzing the static,dynamic and efficiency losses of urbanization efficiency.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In the time series,the efficiency of urbanization in China is increasing slowly.At the regional level,the average value of urbanization efficiency in the whole country,the eastern,central and western regions has not reached an effective state,and there are also obvious regional differences: eastern > central > western.The spatial layout is similar to the horizontal layout of economic development,and the high-efficiency area is mainly distributed in several major economic circles in China.(2)The Malmquist Productivity Index also exhibits the same regional differences: eastern > central > national > western.For its decomposition value,the technological progress efficiency and the Malmquist productivity index show a consistent trend,but the technical change efficiency changes relatively small,which shows that technological progress is the main reason that affects the speed of urbanization efficiency.(3)According to the efficiency of input and output of urbanization efficiency,the main reason for the loss of urbanization efficiency in China is the excessive investment and the excessive output of undesired output.On the whole,the excess of undesired output is the most important cause of efficiency loss,and the negative effect of sulfur dioxide emissions is the most significant.Secondly,this paper analyzes the spatial correlation of urbanization efficiency and the influencing mechanism between environmental regulation and urbanization efficiency,and then carries out empirical tests.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)China’s urbanization efficiency has passed the global and local Moran’s I index test,indicating that there is spatial correlation in China’s urbanization efficiency,And most provinces and cities belong to "highhigh" and "low-low" aggregation.(2)The direct effect of each variable on the efficiency of urbanization: there is an “U” relationship between environmental regulation and urbanization efficiency,and the main effect is the “innovation compensation” effect and the “green welfare” effect.R&D can promote the urbanization efficiency of the region,FDI will cause the “pollution shelter” effect in the region,and the energy consumption structure(CE)has a negative direct effect on the region,indicating that coal consumption will increase the undesired output and damage the efficiency of urbanization.(3)For the indirect spillover effect: environmental regulation and R&D will have a negative spillover effect on urbanization efficiency due to the “race to bottom” between governments,and foreign direct investment can promote urbanization efficiency through technology spillover.(4)Conductive effects on environmental regulation: Environmental regulation can promote enterprises to carry out innovation activities by exerting the effect of “innovation compensation”,thereby improving technological progress,and optimizing energy consumption and consumption patterns through regulation to reduce pollutant emissions and improve the efficiency of urbanization.Finally,based on the results of urbanization efficiency measurement and the relationship between environmental regulation and urbanization efficiency,this paper proposes the several recommendations: differentiating the development of urban agglomerations,optimizing the introduction of FDI,guiding benign competition between regions and fully exerting the “innovation compensation” and “green welfare” effect of environmental regulation. |
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