| As the global economy continues to grow,the impact of human activities on the planet is becoming more and more obvious,and it is urgent to address the climate challenge.2020,China has proposed a "double carbon" goal,making an important strategic decision for China to comply with global low-carbon development.Tourism,as an important pillar industry in China,plays a pivotal role in driving national economic growth.However,along with the large-scale development of domestic tourism,it has brought a large amount of carbon emissions and energy consumption,and its impact on climate change and other ecological and environmental issues cannot be ignored.At present,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)has clearly pointed out the need to build a government-led and enterprise-based environmental governance system,on the basis of which China’s ecological environment can be further improved.Environmental regulation,as an important grip to improve environmental quality,is an important tool for environmental governance.How to formulate and implement reasonable environmental regulations to promote sustainable development of tourism has become a hot issue.Based on this,this paper thoroughly studies the impact of environmental regulation on tourism eco-efficiency to better promote Chinese tourism industry to achieve the win-win goal of both environmental and economic benefits,and to explore a scientific and reasonable model of environmental regulation and tourism green development.This paper firstly reviews the literature on environmental regulation and tourism eco-efficiency at home and abroad,then reviews the theories on environmental regulation and tourism eco-efficiency,and analyzes the mechanisms of three types of environmental regulation: command-and-control,market-incentive and public-voluntary,based on the cost-benefit effect,technological innovation effect and spatial spillover effect.Secondly,we analyze the development status of environmental regulations and tourism in China,and further measure the tourism eco-efficiency of30 provinces and cities(except Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan and Tibet)in China using SBM-DEA model,and analyze the time series characteristics,spatial distribution and correlation pattern of tourism eco-efficiency in China using Arcgis and Geo Da software and exploratory spatial data analysis methods.Finally,a spatial econometric model is constructed to empirically test and analyze the effects of three types of environmental regulations on tourism eco-efficiency.The research results show that(1)the overall mean value of tourism eco-efficiency in China fluctuates between 0.520-0.766 during the sample period,and there are problems of unbalanced regional and district development,with the mean value of tourism eco-efficiency in the eastern and central regions being higher than the national and western mean values.(2)The scope of the optimal,sub-optimal and weakly optimal tourism eco-efficiency zones in China all show different degrees of reduction,while the non-optimal zones are expanding and show an uneven spatial distribution.(3)The tourism eco-efficiency in China is characterized by spatial agglomeration,and shows increasingly significant spatial heterogeneity.(4)During the sample period,the effects of different types of environmental regulations on tourism eco-efficiency in China varied.Command-type environmental regulations have a negative spillover effect while inhibiting the improvement of local tourism eco-efficiency.The direct and indirect effects of market-incentive environmental regulations are both positively correlated and have the largest coefficients.Public participation type environmental regulation can positively promote local tourism eco-efficiency,but the spillover effect to neighboring areas is not significant.(5)There is regional heterogeneity in the effects of environmental regulation on tourism eco-efficiency in China.Command-and-control environmental regulation has an inhibitory effect on tourism eco-efficiency in the east and west,and a positive promotion effect on tourism eco-efficiency in the center.Market-incentive environmental regulations can effectively promote tourism eco-efficiency in the east,central and west of China,and the effect tends to increase from west to east.In the east,public voluntary environmental regulations inhibit the improvement of tourism eco-efficiency,while in the west,they promote it,and in the central part of the country,it is not obvious.Based on the above findings,this paper proposes the following policy recommendations to improve the efficiency of environmental regulation implementation to promote green and sustainable development of tourism:(1)Coordinate the regional synergistic development of tourism eco-efficiency.(2)Reasonably control the strength of command-and-control environmental regulations and improve the efficiency of regulations by combining environmental legislation and enforcement supervision.(3)Increase the status of market-incentive-based instruments in environmental regulation policy and guide the transition of environmental regulation to market-led.(4)Raise public awareness of environmental protection and encourage the public to actively participate in environmental governance.(5)Formulate a scientific and reasonable environmental regulation policy.(6)Constructing an environmental regulation system of regional cooperative governance.(7)Pay attention to regional differences and choose appropriate environmental regulation instruments according to local conditions. |
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