| Chinese aquaculture has developed rapidly in recent years,the increase of species,yield,area and regional expansion caused a series of natural environment problems.While the stress on aquacultural environment was increased due to the industrial and agricultural development and urbanization construction.Therefore,it is urgent to establish Fishery Eco-compensation mechanism for protecting the ecological environment and promoting the harmonious development of aquaculture and natural environment,which is the fundamental way to solve the imbalance of fishery economic development and build a harmonious society.Based on the assessment of Ecological Footprint(EF)of four different aquaculture model,Pyropia haitanensis culture and Misgurnus anguillcaudatus Formosa semi-intensive culture and Litopenaeus vannamei intensive culture and semi-intensive culture,that the EF of shrimp's intensive culture was 44.596 ha(primary industrialization),mainly composed of the feed and energy and infrastructure,and the proportions of them were 57.28% and 20.10% and 9.88% respectively;The EF of semi-intensive culture of shrimp and loach was 28.278 and 384.865 ha,mainlycomposed of feed,area and wastewater discharge,and the proportionsof them for shrimp culture were 77.43% and 6.24% and 6.14 respectively;the proportionsof them for loach culture were 94.26%,2.93% and 1.02% respectively;the The EF of laver culture was 197.313 ha,mainly composed of in the labor,infrastructure,energy,and the proportions of them were 40.04% and 28.83% and 6.53% respectively.The Ecosystem Service Value(ESV)of food supply was the main services of aquaculture based on the assessment of four aquacultures.The intensive culture and semi intensive culture without suitable equipment of circulating water system discharged the wastewater to the environment directly and caused the negative benefits due to water pollution and eutrophication.The environmental change was huge and inescapable from intensive culture,so the ESV of soil and biodiversity conservation function was negative.In general,the intensive culture and semi intensive culture strengthened the value of food supply while weakening or sacrificing the other ecosystem services.The ESV of laver culture was good enough which could provide great value of food supply and water regulation,and it also could bring great benefits from the other service.According to the assessment results of EFI(Ecological Footprint Index)and ESVF(Ecosystem Service Value of unit Ecological Footprint)and RPCE(Ratio of profits to cost and expense)of thefour aquacultures,the shrimp intensive culture was weak sustainable development,which the EFI was16.93%,the ESVF was 1.213,the RPCE was 44.04%.The shrimp's semi intensive culture was unsustainable development,which the EFI was-0.24%,the ESVF was 1.145,the RPCE was 25.24%.The loach's semi intensive culture was weak sustainable development,the EFI was 8.59%;the ESVF was 1.261;the RPCE was 141.75%.The laver culture was strong sustainable development,the EFI was 76.76%;the ESVF was 24.946;the RPCE was 195.38%.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the sustainable development,ecological environmental benefits and economic benefits of the four different aquaculture models,the rank of them from good to bad was: laver culture> loach's semi intensive culture> shrimp's intensive culture> shrimp's semi intensive culture.The suggestions on Fishery Eco-Compensation policy was that protecting and expanding sustainable fishery with highly benefit of ecology and economy;punishing and restricting the conduct of fishery pollution and environmental destruction;reducing the proportion of aquaculture which was unsustainable development and promoting the transformation of traditional farming model to the new model of aquaculture;establishing the framework of Eco-compensation for the damage of fishery ecosystem.This paper designed the framework of Fishery Eco-compensation based on the two perspectives of fisheries states(damaged and undamaged)and levels.It solved the problems in the judgement and weightiness of Fishery Eco-compensation such as the lack of scientific basis and the single standard and one-sided decision making.It improved the applicability of Fishery Eco-compensation based on the quantitative status classifing of sustainable development.It could improve practicability of Fishery Eco-compensation based on the Eco-compensation design in different situations.It could achieve the comparability of different scales and different aquaculture models based on the EF of per capita aquatic products consumption and the ESVF. |
PDF Full Text Request