Performance Based Fire Protection Design Of Wanda Shopping Mall

Malls like any retail center face exposure for a host of risks,including fire,which is in no exception to shopping malls.Fires in closed malls,patronized by lots of people,can cause many fatalities among panicked people running and pushing to get out of these burning and smoky places.According to the statistics,most of the deaths in fires are not due to direct fire,but because of strangulation with smoke visibility,and toxic gases.In this report,an algorithm study was conducted on a high-rise building(shopping mall)in Nanning City,China,based on fire smoke's visibility,the evacuation probability of people,38 fire simulation cases,and three corresponding evacuation cases were analyzed.We elaborated the conceptual framework of the basic principles of performance-based design(PBD)using three software programs,namely:PATHFINDER,FDS and PyroSim.For the simulation,three conditions were used.One condition is natural exhaust windows open and closed condition,second is windows faulty condition and third is sprinkler open condition.We firstly focused on the windows open,closed condition and found that when windows are open,all three floors in the building can be fully free of smoke for a substantial period and when windows are closed,the stair area of the walking street on the third floor cannot fully free of smoke and the stairs area becomes not a good resort for occupants until the arrival of firefighters to rescue them.In the meanwhile,we also studied the evacuation safety time under normal and crowd condition.By analyzing the safety time curve,we revealed the speed of smoke propagation in the building,the visibility of smoke,the dynamic process of smoke flowing from one floor to another.The result obtained from simulation can be helpful for the building design and occupants safety evacuation.