| The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different forms of linseed oil on the quality of meat and mutton,muscle fatty acids,serum biochemical indexes,rumen fermentation indexes and rumen microbial diversity.Twenty-four small-tailed Han sheep of similar weight were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 sheep in each group.CON was the control group.The basic diet was fed.The experimental group was divided into a linseed oil group(LO),a flaxseed group(L)and a linseed oil microcapsule lipid group(LOM).Experiment 1:Effects of different forms of linseed oil on production performance,slaughtering performance and feed nutrient digestion of mutton sheep.At the beginning of the experiment,the weight of sheep in each group was close to(P>0.05).After the end of the feeding experiment for a period of time,the weight of sheep in each group was significantly different(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the dry matter intake groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in average daily weight gain between the groups(P>0.05),but statistically speaking,the average daily weight gain of each test group was slightly higher than that of CON group.Flaxseed and different forms of linseed oil had no significant effect on the feed weight ratio(P>0.05),but the feed meat of LOM group was lower than that of other groups,which improved the feed remuneration of sheep relatively.There was no significant effect on carcass weight or slaughter rate(P>0.05).The addition of flaxseed and different forms of linseed oil had significant influence on the digestibility of Ca,P and EE in feed(P<0.05)..There was no significant effect on NDF,ADF and CP(P>0.05).Effects of flaxseed and different forms of linseed oil on rumen fermentation indexes and microorganisms of mutton sheep.The addition of flaxseed and different forms of linseed oil in the diet had no significant effect on the rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration(P>0.05).There was no significant effect on rumen microbial diversity(P>0.05).From the level of pHylum analysis,there was no significant effect on the abundance of bacteroidetes,firmicutes,proteobacteria,actinomycetes and spirochaetes(P>0.05).Analysis on genus level,CON,L group of rumen bacteria of the genus abundance is significantly higher than LO,LOM group(P<0.05),and LO,L group,LOM group had a significantly higher abundance of vibrios butyrate CON group(P<0.05),CON group,LO,L group had a significantly higher abundance of bacteroides LOM group(P<0.05),the experimental group and control group la walter bacteria genera,only belongs to the bacterium,riken bacteria genera,amber bacteria of the genus abundance difference were not significant(P>0.05).Experiment 2:Effects of different forms of linseed oil on meat and mutton quality,amino acids and muscle fatty acids.The addition of different forms of linseed oil had a significant effect on the shear force of mutton(P<0.05).Compared with CON group,the shear force of dorsal muscle was significantly reduced in all groups.In general,the effects of adding three different forms of linseed oil on pH45min,pH24h,cooked meat rate and water loss rate of dorsal muscle were not significant(P>0.05).Compared with CON group,three different addition forms of linseed oil had no significant effect on the composition and content of amino acids in the longissimus dorsum muscle of mutton sheep(P>0.05).The effect of dietary addition of flaxseed and different forms of linseed oil on total SFA was not significantly different(P>0.05),but the content of c17:0 heptaecanoic acid in CON and LOM groups was significantly higher than that in LO and L groups(P<0.05).The effects of the addition of flaxseed and different forms of linseed oil on MUFA are mainly c16:1 palmitoleic acid,C17:1 heptaenoic acid,C18:1 oleic acid and C20:1 eicosenoic acid.Add linseed oil and flax seed significantly reduced the C16:the content of 1,C18:1(P<0.05),add the linseed oil significantly improved the C17:the content of 1(P<0.05),to add flaxseed,flax seed oil and flax oil microcapsule fat were significantly improved the C20:at the end of the content of 1(P<0.05),for the TVA and total MUFA add any form of linseed oil are no significant influence(P>0.05).For PUFA,adding flaxseed and different forms of linseed oil significantly increased ALA and CLA content,especially LOM group(P<0.05).Although there was no significant difference in LA content,the content of each experimental group was slightly higher than that of the control group.The total PUFA content in LO group was significantly higher than that in CON group(P<0.05),while that in L and LOM group was slightly higher than CON group,although not significantly higher than CON group.S/P in each group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The content of n-3 PUFA in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the content of n-6 PUFA in the LO group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The n-6/n-3 ratio of LOM group was lower than that of L and LO group,but not significant(P>0.05),and the n-6/n-3 ratio of CON group was higher than that of each experimental group.Experiment 3:Effects of different forms of linseed oil on the physiological indexes related to serum fat of mutton sheep.The HDL contents in LO and LOM groups were significantly higher than those in CON group(P<0.05),increasing by 44.6%and 43%.Compared with CON group,the content of INS was significantly reduced by adding linseed oil,linseed seed and linseed oil microcapsule lipid powder(P<0.05).The content of GLU in LO and L group was significantly higher than that in CON group(P<0.05).Overall,the effects of adding any form of linseed oil on LDL,T-CHO,TG and LEP were not significant(P>0.05).Experiment 4:Effects of different forms of linseed oil on rumen fermentation indexes and microorganisms of mutton sheep.Dietary addition of different forms of linseed oil had no significant effect on rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration(P>0.05).Compared with CON group,the contents of acetic acid and isovaleric acid were significantly decreased in the experimental group supplemented with three different forms of linseed oil(P<0.05),and the contents of propionic acid were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with CON group,LO and L groups significantly reduced the contents of butyric acid and glutamic acid,while LOM group had no significant effect on the contents of butyric acid and glutamic acid(P>0.05).Dietary addition of flaxseed and different forms of linseed oil had no significant effect on rumen microbial diversity(P>0.05).The addition of flaxseed and different forms of linseed oil had no significant effect on the abundance of bacteroidetes,firmicutes,proteobacteria,actinomycetes and spirillae(P>0.05).The abundance of rumen cocci in CON group and L group was significantly higher than that in LO group and LOM group(P<0.05).The abundance of Vibrio butyrate in LO group,L group and LOM group was significantly higher than that in CON group(P<0.05).The abundance of Bacteroides in CON group,LO group and L group was significantly higher than that in LOM group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in abundance between the experimental group and the control group(P>0.05).The results showed that compared with the control group,adding different forms of linseed oil in the diet increased the test end weight of mutton sheep,and linseed oil microcapsule lipid end group had the best effect.The digestibility of Ca,P and EE in diet was improved.Reduces the shearing force of mutton sheep muscles;The contents of acetic acid,isopentric acid,butyric acid and pentanoic acid were decreased,the contents of propionic acid were increased,the abundance of rumen coccus and Bacteroidetes were decreased,and the abundance of Vibrio butyrate was increased,HDL and GUL content were increased,while INS content was decreased.The CLA content in muscle was increased,especially in linseed oil microcapsule lipid group,which could significantly reduce the n-6/n-3 ratio and improve the mutton quality. |
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