| Lead is one of the heavy metals widely present in the earth’s crust and is also a non-essential element of the human body.Due to the good multi-affinity and accumulation of lead,lead poisoning patients are increasing.At present,the clinical treatment of lead poisoning mainly uses complexes such as calcium edetate and dimercaptosuccinic acid.Although it has a good lead-extracting effect,it causes the loss of other elements in the process of promoting lead discharge,and The side effects are large.Complexing agents are mainly used for acute lead poisoning and are not suitable for long-term low-lead exposure.Therefore,it is of great research significance to find lead-lead substances that are safe and effective in preventing and treating lead poisoning.Sodium alginate is a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from brown algae.Studies have shown that sodium alginate contains a large number of free carboxyl groups（-COONa）and other functional groups combined with heavy metals,thereby achieving the adsorption of heavy metals.Therefore,sodium alginate can be used as an adsorbent for heavy metals.However,there are few reports on the adsorption and mechanism of sodium alginate in heavy metals in vivo,and further research is needed.In this study,sodium alginate,a natural extract of brown algae,was used as a test substance to study the antagonistic effect of sodium alginate on heavy metal lead in SD rats with subchronic lead poisoning.The content of lead in liver,femur,kidney and whole blood of rats was detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The effect of sodium alginate on lead was studied.Detection of alanine aminotransferase and serum total protein content,urea nitrogen and creatinine in liver and kidney by（automatic biochemical analyzer）,reflecting the degree of liver and kidney damage;detecting serum superoxide dismutase activity by ELISA And the malondialdehyde content,the antioxidant capacity of the reaction body,the protective effect of sodium alginate on the liver,kidney and antioxidant capacity of lead poisoning rats.Finally,the liver and kidney sections were observed by light microscopy（H&E staining）to examine the pathological and fine structure changes of liver and kidney.The effect of sodium alginate on the organ level of rats with subchronic lead poisoning was studied.To provide further research basis and theoretical basis for further development of sodium alginate to promote lead functional health foods and medicines.In this study,60 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,12 rats（6♂+6♀）,and different test subjects were given to SD rats by gavage.The experimental part of the animal lasted for 60 days.The first 30 days were the construction of a rat model of subchronic lead poisoning.The last 30 days were to investigate the effect of lead antagonism on the use of sodium alginate at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg.The specific groupings were as follows:blank control group,lead model group(5 mg/kg,based on Pb2+),DMSA group（25mg/kg）,100 mg/kg sodium alginate group,and 200 mg/kg sodium alginate group.The rats were sacrificed on the 60th day,and the liver,kidney,femur and whole blood of the rats were taken.During the gavage,the rats were weighed weekly,and the appearance of hair and coat color of the rats and other characteristics such as dietary status,behavioral activities,and health status of the rats were observed and recorded.Finally,the antagonistic effects of sodium alginate on subchronic lead poisoning SD rats were studied from three aspects:tissue lead content,physiological and biochemical indexes and tissue section.The experimental results showed that the lead,liver,kidney,femur and whole blood lead levels in the lead model group were significantly different from those in the blank group（p<0.01）,and the lead model was successfully constructed.Sodium alginate has the effect of promoting lead release,which can reduce the lead content of lead in liver,kidney,femur and whole blood of SD rats with subchronic lead poisoning.The lead content of liver and kidney changes the most（ie in kidney and liver）.The most effective lead removal effect).The lead content of 200 mg/kg sodium alginate group was lower than 100 mg/kg sodium alginate group,that is,the lead removal effect of sodium alginate was related to the concentration in two concentrations,and the lead effect of 200 mg/kg sodium alginate group It is better;sodium alginate can repair the antioxidant capacity system of lead poisoning SD rats to some extent.The activity of SOD（superoxide dismutase）in the lead model group was significantly lower than that in the blank group（p<0.01）,and the MDA（malondialdehyde）content was significantly higher than that in the blank group（p<0.05）,100 mg/kg The SOD activity of kg alginate group was less than 200 mg/kg sodium alginate group,the MDA content was higher than 200 mg/kg sodium alginate group,and the effect of 200 mg/kg sodium alginate group was better than 100 mg/kg sodium alginate group,that is,within a certain range.The anti-oxidation ability of sodium alginate was related to the concentration,and the effect of200 mg/kg sodium alginate group on the antioxidant capacity was better.The sodium alginate had protective effects on the liver and kidney of SD rats with sub-chronic lead poisoning.The content of ALT（alanine aminotransferase）in the lead model group was not significantly different from that in the blank group,but it increased significantly.The content of TP（serum total protein）was significantly different from that in the blank group（p<0.05）.The content of ALT in whole blood was increased and the content of TP was increased.The BUN（urea nitrogen）content in the lead model group was significantly different from that in the blank group（p<0.05）,and the Cr（creatinine）content was significantly different from the blank group（p<0.01）,sodium alginate can also reduce the content of BUN and Cr in whole blood,and the effect of sodium alginate group in 200 mg/kg group is better than 100 mg/kg sodium alginate group,which can protect liver and kidney to a certain extent. |
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