Analysis Of The Spatial Pattern Of Ecosystem Services Based On The In Vest Model

National parks need to take into account the protection needs of ecosystems and the rational use of people.Value assessment is not only the basis for the sustainable development of national parks,but also a major problem that needs to be solved in the process of social development.In this paper,the giant panda national park is selected as the research area.Based on the In VEST model,the four services of soil conservation,water purification,habitat quality,and carbon storage in the giant panda national park are estimated in 2018,and the spatial service method is used to calculate the space of each ecosystem The distribution pattern aims to provide a basis for determining the ecological protection and construction goals of the giant panda national park ecosystem services and to provide an important reference for other national parks to carry out spatial assessment studies of ecosystem services.The main research contents of this article include:(1)Evaluation of ecosystem services.Based on the In VEST model,this paper evaluates the four services of soil conservation,water purification,habitat quality,and carbon storage in 2018 in the Giant Panda National Park.(2)Analysis of the spatial pattern of ecosystem service functions.Based on the evaluation results of four services: soil conservation,water purification,habitat quality,and carbon storage,the spatial distribution pattern of various ecosystem services was calculated using spatial statistical methods,and then the spatial pattern of integrated ecosystem services in the Giant Panda National Park was analyzed.(3)Prioritize protection zones according to the importance of ecosystem service functions.Based on the evaluation results of carbon storage,habitat quality,etc.,the ecosystem services of the research area in 2018 are superimposed and analyzed to obtain the comprehensive ecosystem service functions of the research area,and the division is based on the importance of the function,and then the need for priority and Key protected areas.After the above research,the following results were obtained:(1)The giant panda national park ecosystem has a high carbon storage capacity.In 2018,the panda national park carbon storage contribution rate is woodland> grassland> arable land> water area> construction land> unused land.The total carbon storage is about 56.4 × 107 t The average carbon density is about 167.41 t / hm2,of which forest land contributes the most to carbon storage,and the total carbon storage of forest land is 3971.64 × 105 t,accounting for 78%.The spatial distribution characteristics of carbon storage in the study area have a very high similarity with the distribution of land use types,that is,the eastern area with more woodland distribution has higher carbon storage per unit area,and the western area with more alpine grassland distribution has lower carbon storage per unit area.East area.The average carbon storage size of each land cover type is ranked as forest land> grassland> cultivated land> water area> unused land> construction land.(2)Through evaluation of the soil conservation services of the Giant Panda National Park,it was found that the total soil conservation of the Giant Panda National Park in 2018 was 1781.31 × 107 t,the total potential soil loss was 2107.91 × 107 t,and the actual total soil loss was 326.60 × 107 t.The land cover type with the largest amount of potential soil loss is forest land,reaching 1221.90 × 107 t,which exceeds 50% of the total potential soil loss in the study area.The largest amount of actual soil erosion was grassland,which reached 231.59 × 107 t,which exceeded 70% of the total soil erosion in the study area.The soil retention of the forest land in the study area is much greater than that of the grassland,and it is far more than other land cover types.The soil retention of the forest land accounts for about 65% of the total soil retention in the study area.The overall soil retention showed a decreasing trend from the middle to the north and south.The soil retention in the central region was high,the soil retention in the north and south was low,and the soil retention in the Shaanxi area was generally at a low value.In terms of average soil retention,the order of soil retention capacity is in order of construction land> forest land> cultivated land> grassland> water area> unused land.The soil retention capacity of construction land is the strongest,which is 9074.17 t / km2,followed by forest land,the average soil retention is 5712.12 t / km2,and the average soil retention of unused land is the lowest,only 651.06 t / km2.(3)The total output of total phosphorus and total nitrogen in Giant Panda National Park in 2018 was 308.79 × 104 kg and 13.5 × 104 kg,respectively.From the perspective of spatial distribution,nitrogen load and phosphorus load have a very high similarity,showing an irregular spatial distribution.The high values are distributed in the central and southwestern parts of the Giant Panda National Park and the southeastern part of Shaanxi Province,while other large The nitrogen and phosphorus loads in some areas are close to the lowest value.From the perspective of land cover types,in 2018,the total value of grassland nitrogen and phosphorus output load in the different land cover nitrogen and phosphorus loads of Giant Panda National Park was the highest value.The order of nitrogen load is grassland> forest land> cultivated land> unused land> construction land> water area,and the order of phosphorus load is grassland> cultivated land> forest land> construction land / water area> unused land.(4)In 2018,the general habitat quality in the Giant Panda National Park was relatively high,and the habitat quality index in most areas was between 0.8-1,indicating that the overall habitat quality in the Giant Panda National Park was excellent,and only a few areas had to wait for the habitat quality.To improve.In terms of different land cover types,the average habitat quality index of each land cover type in the Giant Panda National Park is the highest,almost close to the highest value of the habitat index,and the average habitat quality index of the construction land is the lowest,only 0.1.The order of habitat quality index from large to small is as follows: forest land> water area> grassland> unused land> cultivated land> construction land.(5)Overlay analysis of the calculated ecosystem service functions to obtain the distribution map of comprehensive importance of ecosystem services in the river basin.The results show that,from the perspective of the spatial distribution of integrated ecosystem services: the distribution of general important functions is relatively scattered;important functions Most of the subregions are distributed in the northeastern-southwest bands in the Sichuan area on the western edge of the study area,and extend eastward;very important functional areas are mostly distributed in the Shaanxi area in the northeast,the Gansu area in the middle of the research area,and the eastern area of the Sichuan area.From the point of view of land use type: the general important functional zoning of integrated ecosystem services is mostly unused land,the important functional zoning is mostly grassland,and the very important functional zoning is mostly forest land.