| Amomum villosum belongs to the perennial herb of the Amomum in Zingiberaceae.The fruit of Amomun villosum is one of the most famous Southern medicine.The production and quality of Amomum villosum in most of the Amomum villosum producing areas in the country have been significantly reduced.However,the quality and yield of Amomum villosum introduced in Jinping County,Yunnan Province have maintained a high level.Amomum villosum is comparable to the quality of Amomum villosum in Guangdong Province.However,there are few studies on how the natural environment in Jinping affects the formation of high quality and high yield characteristics of Amomum villosum,especially the study of the rhizosphere soil ecological environment has not yet been seen.This research is based on the systematic research of the fertility and microbial diversity of the rhizosphere soil of Amomum villosum.The comprehensive soil ecological environment evaluation method is used to construct an Amomum villosum.ecological planting model.In order to ensure the sustainable development of Amomum villosum in the JinPing.It provides corresponding soil foundation theory support.In this study,the three most representative planting patterns in the Jinping were selected as research plots,namely artificial fir undergrowth?PA plots?,natural evergreen broad-leaved forest?PB plots?,natural evergreen broad-leaved forest under manual management?PC plots?.The rhizosphere soils of Amomum villosum before flowering?March?,flowering stage?June?,fruit ripening stage?September?,and fruit harvesting?December?were used as research samples.At the same time,by randomly selecting five 1m×1m square plots from three plots,we investigated the density,plant height,diameter,and fresh fruit weight of Amomum villosum in each plot.The collected soil samples were tested for physicochemical properties,enzyme activity and other indicators.We discussed the changes of rhizosphere soil fertility under different planting patterns of Amomum villosum.We have studied the community composition and dominant flora of rhizosphere soil microorganisms under different planting patterns,and analyzed their changing rules through high-throughput sequencing of soil microorganis.We used the principal component analysis method to comprehensively evaluate the rhizosphere soil ecological environment under different planting patterns of Amomum villosum.This result is in contrast to the growth status of the Amomum villosum vulgaris plants and the fruit yield,which constitutes an ecological planting pattern.Through the above method,we have obtained the following research results and conclusions:We used the principal component analysis method to analysis the rhizosphere soil ecological environment under different planting patterns of Amomum villosum,we found that the rhizosphere soil ecological environment of Amomum villosum under natural evergreen broad-leaved forest is the best,under artificial fir forest is second,under natural evergreen broad-leaved forest and artificial management was the worst.This result is basically consistent with the survey data of average plant height and average diameter of Amomum villosum as measured in the three modes,but differs from the survey data of fruit yield per square meter of Amomum villosum.Based on the comprehensive analysis of rhizosphere soil ecological environment of Amomum villosum,comparing the growth and fruit yield of Amomum villosum,we believe that the rhizosphere soil ecological environment under the natural evergreen broad-leaved forest is the best.The rhizosphere soil ecological environment in the natural evergreen broad-leaved forest is the following:the moisture content varies from 21.52%to 31.05%throughout the year.The pH value varies from 5.12 to 5.84 throughout the year.The organic matter content varies from48.88g/kg to 51.05g/kg throughout the year.The total nitrogen content varies from 1.74g/kg to 2.61g/kg throughout the year.The total phosphorus content varies from 0.60g/kg to0.71g/kg throughout the year.The total potassium content varies from 9.74g/kg to 14.45g/kg throughout the year.The hydrolyzable nitrogen content varies from 97.40mg/kg to241.53mg/kg throughout the year.The available potassium content varies from 159.90mg/kg to 284.88mg/kg throughout the year.The polyphenol oxidase activity varies from57.84mg·g-1·2h-11 to 99.52mg·g-1·2h-11 throughout the year.The catalase activity varies from0.33mg·g-1·20min-11 to 2.37mg·g-1·20min-11 throughout the year.The invertase activity varies from 10.23mg·g-1·d-11 to 47.53mg·g-1·d-1throughout the year.The acid phosphatase activity varies from 88.92mg·g-1·d-11 to 134.95mg·g-1·d-1throughout the year.The urease activity varies from 4.09mg·g-1·d-11 to 57.30mg·g-1·d-1throughout the year.The protease activity varies from1.63mg·g-1·d-11 to 9.69mg·g-1·d-1throughout the year.The soil dominant bacterial flora is Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Chloroflexi.The soil dominant fungal flora is Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. |
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