Study On Ecological Environment Evaluation Of Amomum Villosum Planting Area In Jinping

Objective:Based on field investigation and sampling data collected from the Huangniuke village and Kuchahe village located at Jinping County,the main indicators(biological community environment,plant growth,temperature moisture,etc)of the ecological environment of the Amomum villosum planting area of Jinping County were measured.In order to ascertain and organize the environmental advantages and characteristics of Jinping County plantation,and to make a preliminary assessment for its ecological environment,promote the cultivation of research scope and expand the feasibility of planting area.To provide a theoretical basis for the development of Amomum villosum planting industry standardization at Yunnan Province.Methods:Within the scope of the main advantages of Amomum planting area Huangniuke Village and Kuchahe village as the object in Jinping County.Methods of typical regional survey and random sampling are combined to conduct a survey on plant community.Typical plant communities were selected in the plant community.Select the kind of Amomum community representative in different altitudes is provided with small sample,record data related to growth traits in each quadrat species after analyzed by statistics.In Amomum villosum cultivation area as the object,collected basic meteorological data of the microclimate observation,and data correlation analysis of growth traits of Amomum villosum.Study on acquisition of Amomum fruit,collected sample fruits of Amomum villosum in different regions and populations at the same time,volatile oils were obtained and the yield was calculated,comparison of different populations and the content of volatile oil and geographical factors by correlation analysis.Results:According to the field investigation,A total of five small community types in the investigation area of Huangniuke village and Kuchahe village:community of Ficus tinctorial and Machilus pingii;community of Lithocarpus fenestratus and Schima argentea;community of Betula alnoides;community of Alnus nepalensis and community of Cunninghamia lanceolata.The plant species in all plant communities in the investigation area belonging to 75 families,97 genera and 110 species,of which there are 11 families,15 genera and 19 tree species of arbor layer,28 families,37genera and 44 species of shrub layer,38 families,48 genera and 52 species of herb layer.The basic growth situation of sample plots of Amomum villosum populations as follows:both No matter in the number of plants,flowerings quantity or the fruits number of Kuchahe village are significantly more than Huangniuke village populations.After analyzing the related factors,it was shown that the community environment,the proportion of the old strong plant in the population,the number of inflorescence and Floret had a great effect on the seed-setting rate.By analyzing the correlation between meteorological factors and the growth character data,it can be seen that in the flowering period,the monthly moderate monthly precipitation has an impact on the inflorescence and floret,including a certain range of increase in the monthly temperature is beneficial to the number of flowers and floret,and precipitation for the population of the group is a dual character,In the normal level of precipitation is positive correlation,and when the precipitation is too high is negative correlation.In fruit stage,the monthly temperature has no effect on the fruit quantity,and the monthly precipitation is too high to negatively correlate with the fruit quantity.Considering the three factors of seed group weight,pericarp weight and fruit diameter,we can conclude that the fruit of Amomum of Huangniuke village and Kuchahe village areas located at Jinping area has a large grain weight and thin skin characteristics.In comparison of the content of volatile oil of all populations,volatile oil content of Huangniuke village was 2.41ml,and the Kuchahe cillage was 2.29ml(extract of Amomum villosum seeds by 60g).Conclusion:The advantage species of Amomum planting area in Jinping:the first three number of the arbor layer was Cunninghamia lanceolate,Machilus pingii and Saurauia tristyla;the first three number of the shrub layer was Rhus chinensis,Lindera communis and Schima argentea;the first three number of the herb layer was Dicranopteris linearis,CarexbaccansandEupatoriumheterophyllum.Sucharborspeciesas Machilus pingii and Saurauia tristyla is conducive to the accumulation of soil humus and the formation of a suitable growth of Amomum villosum.It can be used as the cultivated tree in the planting area of Amomum villosum.The suitable planting density should be 40-45 strains of 1m~2,and the old strain occupy more than 60%of the entire population to maintain the production mechanism of high yield,and the cultivation of seedlings and the renewal of old strains should be paid attention to in practical application.The temperature mainly affects the accumulation of inflorescence and floret quantity in flowering period.The precipitation has an effect on florescence and fruit period,the concrete manifestation was that stable precipitation can maintain air humidity and soil moisture of the flowering period,promote the development of inflorescence,but too much precipitation will cause flooding,make the soil water content increased,plant normal respiration obstructed,while the activities of pollination insects in rainy days decreased,result in flowering can not be timely pollination and wither,affect the setting rate,fruit period of excessive rainfall will cause the drop,bad fruit increase.The fruit of Amomum villosum in the Jinping area is characterized by the large grain weight and thin skin.However,the volatile oil content is not the highest in all populations;The analysis may be due to the flowering of inflorescence floret,which consumes the reproductive resources,thus affecting the accumulation of volatile oil in fruit period.Flowering density can be artificially maintained in actual production.