| ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of iodine nutrition of adults in Tianjin,and to assess the level of iodine nutrition in Tianjin,To explore the suitable salt iodine concentration of Tianjin residents.To investigate the prevalence of thyroid disease of adults in Tianjin,and to explore the related factors to thyroid disease.MethodsThe multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to extract residents aged≥18(n=506)in the representative four districts of Tianjin.The cross-sectional survey was carried out by questionnaire survey.The iodine concentrations in their salt,drinking water and urine were measured.Serum thyroid hormone concentrations and thyroid antibodies were measured and thyroid B-uitrasonography was performed.The status of iodine nutrition and the prevalence of thyroid disease of adults in Tianjin were described.The chi-square test and the multi-factor regression analysis were used to analyze the possible influence factors of thyroid disease.Results1.Status of iodine nutritional:The median iodine concentration in drinking water and table salt were 10.0 μg/L and 24.70 mg/kg respectively.The average daily salt intake was 11.35 g/d.The proportion of households using iodized salt and qualified iodized salt were 69.82%and 62.81%respectively.The median daily iodine intake from salt was 168.13 μg/d,and the iodized salt contributed 51.01%to the total dietary iodine.The median urine iodine of adults in Tianjin was 158.2 μg/L;iodine insufficiency was in 26.68%;iodine excess was in 14.23%.2.Prevalence of thyroid disease:The median thyroid volume of adults in Tianjin was 8.68 ml.The prevalence of goiter,thyroid nodules and CLT were 4,35%,27.27%and 2.96%respectively.The standardized prevalence of goiter,thyroid nodules and CLT were 1.94%,19.11%and 1.58%respectively.The prevalence of solitary nodule and multiple nodules were 13.24%and 14.03%respectively.The maximum diameter of nodules less than 1 cm accounted for 66.7%,and equal or larger than 1 cm accounted for 33.3%.3.Thyroid disease related factors analysis:(1)Goiter:The gender was the influence factors of goiter.Female was more likely to suffer from goiter than male(OR=4.989、P<0.05).(2)Thyroid nodules:Female was more likely to develop thyroid nodules than male(OR=2.453,P<0.05),The iodine concentration in drinking water was a risk factor for thyroid nodule(OR=1.582,P<0.05),but the reason need to be researched.(3)CLT:The prevalence of CLT in different age,gender had no statistical difference(P>0.05).Carpet was associated with the occurrence of CLT(OR=9.758,P<0.05),but the underlying mechanisms and reasons need to be researched in the future.Conclusions1.Currently,the concentration of salt iodization is appropriate in Tianjin,and the iodized salt is the indispensable source for iodine uptake.The iodine nutrition of adults in Tianjin is in an appropriate range,but there are still some people in the condition of iodine deficiency and a small number of iodine excess.2.The standardized prevalence of goiter,thyroid nodules and CLT were 1.94%,19.11%and 1.58%respectively.The prevalence of solitary nodule and multiple nodules were 13.24%and 14.03%respectively.The prevalence of multiple nodules was higher than the national level;the prevalence of CLT is slightly higher than domestic part regions.3.The prevalence of thyroid nodules in male was less than female,therefore,female was the focus of prevention and control of thyroid disease.The higher the level of water iodine,the more likely people will suffer from thyroid nodules,but the reason remains to be further research.Different salt iodine standard should be implemented according to the local conditions.Carpet was associated with the occurrence of CLT,but the underlying mechanisms and reasons need to be researched in the future.4.This study provides the basic datas of iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases of adults in Tianjin.It will provide a scientific basis and essential reference for scientific supplement of iodine and prevention of thyroid disease. |
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