| Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)on cognitive function and neural activity of healthy patients after 24 hours of sleep deprivation by using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)and working memory test.Method: Eighteen medical interns in the Department of Imaging in our hospital aged between 21 and 25 years old were enrolled in this study.All subjects were healthy,without any cognitive or memory impairments.After beginning the experiment,each subject could not sleep within 24 hours(24hours of sleep deprivation),then accepted one session of 5Hz rTMS treatment immediately after 24 h sleep deprivation.A rs-fMRI image acquisition and working memory test(Including: 1-back letter memory test,1-back digital memory test,and space memory test)were performed after normal wakefulness,post-SD,and after rTMS stimulation for each subject.Comparison of the accuracy,response time of working memory and the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation(ALFF)among normal state of wakefulness,post-SD and post-rTMS stimulation were calculated to investigate the changes of brain working memory after SD and the regulation of rTMS on neurological activity after SD,to explore the imaging features of rTMS on neuromodulation after SD.In addition,the correlation analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between ALFF intensity and workingmemory level in each state,to verify the consistency of behavior and imaging performance.Result: After comparison,the significantly decreased digital and letter memory accuracies after SD and significantly increased digital and letter memory accuracies after rTMS treatment were observed in the participants.However,the opposite performance were found for the response time.A comparison of the imaging findings of spontaneous neural activity showed that after SD,the ALFF intensity was significantly decreased in the bilateral precuneus,bilateral posterior cingulate cortex,bilateral angular,bilateral inferior parietal lobes,bilateral ventral medial prefrontal cortex,and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex,but the ALFF was significantly increased in the bilateral temporal lobe,bilateral calcarine,and bilateral occipital cortex.After rTMS stimulation,the ALFF images were significantly increased in the bilateral precuneus,right angular,right inferior parietal lobe,and right prefrontal cortex.Correlation analysis showed the significant positive correlation between the accuracy of digital memory and the intensity of ALFF in the right precuneus and right angular after SD.Conclusion: SD may influence the working memory ability and the neural activity,which may be promoted and regulated by rTMS treatment. |
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