| Objective: Understand the status of active women,social support,and health behaviors of rural left-behind women.Analyze the influence factors of social support,self-efficacy,and healthy behaviors of left-behind women,and further explore the relationship among the three.Establish a targeted social support network for rural left-behind women to stimulate their initiative and improve their health behavior,and provide effective strategies and evidence for improving the health status of women staying in China.Methods: 1.Phenomenological research methods: From May to June 2017,21 rural left-behind women who met the exclusion criteria were selected in Beizhen City of Liaoning Province and Hezhang County of Guizhou Province by purpose-sampling method to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews with them.Group interviews to understand the plight of left-behind women living in rural areas,and to analyze the main issues of data encoding and inducing difficulties in life.2.Quantitative research methods(cross-sectional descriptive): The literature was searched,and 250 rural left-behind women and 160 non-rural left-behind women were investigated using the purposeful sampling method.The survey includes four parts,including personal and family status,self-efficacy,social support,and health behavior.Analyze the status of self-efficacy,social support,health behaviors and influencing factors of left-behind women.A total of 400 points were returned for the questionnaire,with an efficiency of 98.5%.Results: 1.Phenomenological method research results: Starting from the rural left-behind women’s groups,there is a targeted application of phenomenological research methods.The source data were coded and analyzed.The following topics were summarized: six aspects: agricultural production decision-making,labor shortage,family difficulties,family relations,health behavior,and social support.2.Cross-sectional survey findings:(1)Survey of General Information: A total of 240 left-over women were investigated,and 97(40.41%)of the rural left-behind women were between 31 and 40 years old,and 59(24.6%)of the left-behind women had only primary school culture.In terms of economic status,74(30.8%)stay-at-home households with an annual income of 30,000 yuan or less,and 211(87.92%)were the households with the highest expenditure on daily living expenses.In the family structure,there are 77(32.1%)left-behind women who live with 3-5 family members,and there are 115(47.9%)left-behind women who have a child in school,and there is a need for left-behind women who support more than 2 persons.There are 141 people(58.75%).In relation to family members,60(25.0%)of the left-behind women are responsible for most of the elderly at home,and there are 90(37.5%)left-behind women who feel pressured to educate their children.The number of left-behind women who think their marriage is unhappy is 54.There are 33(13.75%)left-behind women(22.5%)who completely make their own decisions.(2)Left-behind women’s self-efficacy and influencing factors: total score(25.55±5.65),non-left-behind women score(22.77±3.10),the difference was statistically significant(t=5.675,P<0.05).Regression analysis showed that the number of children,decision-making in major matters at home,annual income of the family,and frequency of contact with husbands were the main factors affecting self-efficacy and explained 43.7% of self-efficacy variance.(3)Left-behind women’s social support and influencing factors: total score(38.33±7.05)and non-left-behind women score(39.12±5.60),the difference was statistically significant(t=1.481,P<0.05).Self-efficacy,annual income of the family,whether farming,education,and decision-making power in major issues at home are factors that influence social support and can explain the variation of social support of 46.8%.Self-efficacy was positively correlated with social support(r=0.613,P<0.05).(4)Left-behind women’s health behaviors and influencing factors: The total score is(6.92±1.39)points.There were 91 left-to-back women(37.9%)who brushed their teeth once in the morning and in the evening.They did not use towels with their family members.There were 86 left-behind women(35.8%).There were 144(60.0%)left-behind women who never performed half an hour of exercise every week,and 196(81.7%)left-behind women who never smoked.When the physical symptoms are light,74(30.8%)of the left-behind women who did not seek medical treatment first were observed,and 188(78.3%)were never left behind.Multiple regression showed that self-efficacy,social support,education level,age,and frequency of quarrel between husband and wife were the main factors affecting the health behavior of left-behind women,and could explain 49.2% of the variation in health behavior.(5)Left-behind women’s self-efficacy,social support,and healthy behavior: The relationship between self-efficacy and social support was positively correlated with healthy behavior.(6)Left-behind women’s self-efficacy,social support,and healthy behaviors were positively correlated with self-efficacy and social support(P<0.05).Conclusion: 1.Conclusions of phenomenological studies: The rural women’s living conditions are related to six aspects,such as agricultural production decisions,labor shortage,family difficulties,family relationship management,health behavior,and social support.2.Cross-sectional investigation and research conclusions:(1)The number of left-behind women is generally older,the level of education is low,the pressure on educating children is high,the burden of supporting the elderly is heavy,and the separation of the two places affects the feelings of the couple.(2)Most left-behind women have a moderate level of self-efficacy.Left-behind women have higher self-efficacy than non-left-behind women.There is a high self-efficacy for left-behind women with a large number of children,large decision-making power at home,high annual income of the family,and frequent contact with their husbands.(3)The overall level of social support for left-behind women is generally lower than that for left-behind women.The social support of left-behind women with high self-efficacy,high annual income of the whole family,farming,high education level,and large decision-making power at home is high.(4)The health behavior of left-behind women is worse than that of non-left-behind women.High self-efficacy,high social support,and high cultural level,couples with good feelings left a high score for women’s health behavior.By improving the self-efficacy of left-behind women,they can increase their perception and use of social support,thus changing the good health behaviors of left-behind women and improving the quality of life. |
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