| Background:Epidemiology is the study of disease distribution and cause of illness for specific populations,then to provide scientific health measures for the prevention and treatment of diseases.Chronic diseases are characteristic of many pathogenic factors,complex etiology,latent onset,long latency and high frequency.In China,the prevalence and mortality rate of the chronic diseases increased year after year,and occurred in younger population.Wuhan is in the middle of China,in which the region and population were characterized by:(1)Hot and humid climate;(2)Developed economy;(3)More varieties and complex structures of dietary;(4)High population density,high educational level and high proportion of young people.Inner Mongolia is in the northern boundary of China,and the region and population are characterized by:(1)Cold and dry climate;(2)Developing economically;(3)Less variety in the dietary pattern.Food mainly consists of meat,milk and high salt intake;(4)Low population density,low educational level and high proportion of old people.Previous epidemiological study of chronic diseases tended to focus on a certain area,however,there was no epidemiological study of chronic diseases distributed in urban and remote areas.Objective:The aim of study was to reveal which chronic diseases that need special concerns in urban and remote areas by comparing the changes in the prevalence and incidence of chronic diseases between the two areas over the past five years.Furthermore,suggestions were made on prevention and intervention of these chronic diseases based on previous intervention facilities of the chronic diseases in the two areas.Methods:The scope of study chooses urban and remote areas,because two regions were far away from each other geographically and people in the two areas were of great difference.A group of people in Wuhan was selected as urban area samples as well as a group of people in Inner Mongolia was chosen to represent the remote area study.It was found that the chronic disease index was abnormal by analyzing the medical examination reports of teachers from South-central University for Nationalities in Wuhan in 2014.Simultaneously,the chronic disease index of staffs in a certain company of Inner Mongolia was also abnormal via analyzing the medical examination reports in 2014.The abnormality of chronic disease index indicated high susceptibility to disease.Thus,we should pay more attention to that.Currently,both national and local governments had taken actions to control the chronic diseases.Within this background,we did epidemiological study of the chronic diseases in the two areas.The data of medical examination reports of teachers from South-central University for Nationalities in Wuhan in 2009 was selected to do the analysis.Concomitantly,the case reports of the patients in a certain Inner Mongolia hospital in 2012 were screened.The study mainly focused on statistical analysis of the examination of the top six chronic diseases.It is known that both two areas had taken actions on the control of the chronic diseases over the past five years.In order to find out how these actions have affected the chronic diseases,the author also selected the medical examination reports of teachers from South-central University for Nationalities in 2013 and screened case reports from 2014 of inpatients in Inner Mongolia hospital.Similarly,the statistical analysis was performed to examine the top six chronic diseases as well.Then,the variations in the prevalence and incidence of chronic diseases in the recent five years were analyzed within the two districts.Afterwards,the distribution and composition of chronic diseases in Wuhan for nearly five years were compared with the distribution and composition of chronic diseases in Inner Mongolia.Finally,some reasonable suggestions were made on the prevention and intervention of these chronic diseases based on the current prevention facilities of the chronic diseases in two areas.Results:(A)Reports of the prevalence of chronic diseases of the teachers in South-central University for Nationalities in Wuhan from 2009 to 2013:(1)In 2009,the top six chronic diseases ranked by prevalence rate from the 1507 medical examination reports of teachers were: obesity(43.0%),liver diseases(32.8%),hypertension(26.8%),cardiovascular disease(23.0%),diabetes(15.7%),renal diseases(12.4%),respectively;(2)In 2013,the top six chronic diseases ranked by prevalence rate from the 1507 medical examination reports of teachers were: liver diseases(40.4%),cardiovascular disease(20.3%),renal diseases(18.8%),obesity(18.4%),hypertension(17.0%)and diabetes(9.7%),respectively;Compared to the examination results in 2009,the prevalence rates of liver diseases and renal diseases had increased significantly among the group of teachers,in the meanwhile,the prevalence rates of cardiovascular disease,obesity,high blood pressure and diabetes had decreased.(B)The results of reports in 2014 of the abnormal chronic disease index of the teachers in South-central University for Nationalities and the staffs in Inner Mongolia: in the group of the teachers in South-central University for Nationalities,obesity index(BMI),liver function index(ALT/AST),glucose index(Glu)and blood pressure index(SBP)were 20.5%,and 20.5%,and 8.8% and 12.1%,respectively.In the group of staffs in Inner Mongolia,obesity index(BMI),liver function index(ALT/AST),and glucose index(Glu)and blood pressure index(SBP)were 24.0%,and 24.0%,and 11.2% and 4.6%,respectively.(C)The reports of the prevalence rates of chronic diseases of the staffs in Inner Mongolia from 2012 to 2014:(1)In 2012,the top six chronic diseases ranked by the prevalence rate from 10529 cases in Inner Mongolia: liver diseases(31.2%),obesity(20.3%),cancer(16.4%),cardiovascular disease(10.1%),diabetes(10.0%)and chronic pulmonary diseases(9.1%),respectively;(2)In 2014,the top six chronic diseases ranked by the prevalence rate from 12458 cases in Inner Mongolia: liver diseases(27.3%),and obesity(17.1%),cancer(12.9%),diabetes(10.0%),cardiovascular disease(9.1%)and chronic pulmonary diseases(8.4%),respectively.Compared to the statistical results of 2012,the prevalence rates of the liver diseases,obesity,cardiovascular disease and chronic pulmonary disease had declined.Conclusion:In the urban areas of Wuhan,prevalence rates of obesity,liver diseases,hypertension,and cardiovascular disease were at high levels.It is recommended to enhance people’s awareness of prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.The ways of prevention included building health education billboards and organizing public health advisory activities and health consulting.For young people,the ways of prevention included preventing chronic diseases originally,improving dietary quality,engaging in regular diet(not to eat too much or nightly supper)and avoiding unhealthy lifestyles,such as staying up late,no physical exercise and so on.For the elder people,it’s necessary to detect and treat early and to alleviate the second injury of complications in chronic diseases.Prevalence rates of liver diseases,cardiovascular disease,hypertension and renal disease in the remote areas of Inner Mongolia were relative lower than that of those in urban areas.However,prevalence rate of chronic diseases was still absolute high in remote areas.Under the premise of raising people’s awareness of chronic diseases,also needed to:(1)Increase investment of medical equipment;(2)Concern about the occurrence of cardiovascular disease in women;(3)Give some policy support for people who can’t afford the most basic physical examination and lack of health insurance;(4)concerns about smoking people and use smoking control as a method of intervention in chronic lung disease.In summary,for the prevention of chronic diseases,firstly,individual diet(less salt and meat,reasonable dietary pattern,moderate alcohol consumption)should be strictly controlled.It should be emphasized that not the more higher education level and income,the lower prevalence rate of chronic diseases,but was closely associated with daily lifestyle habits of people.Secondly,physical activity should be enhanced and advocating regular physical examination every year.Finally,development of chronic disease prevention measures should be based on different regions and feedback should be provided timely on the interventions.In the region where chronic disease measures had no effect,we should provide the new measures to enhance the public health. |
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