Ultrasonic Study On Carotid Artery Elasticity In Simple Obesity And Overweight Children

Objective(1)The common carotid artery intima-media thickness(IMT),the change rate of the common carotid artery diameter and the hemodynamic parameters of the common carotid artery,the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery were measured by ultrasonography,indirectly reflecting the carotid elasticity of the subjects.Objective to investigate whether there is a significant difference in carotid artery elasticity between simple obesity and overweight children and normal children.(2)The blood lipids and blood glucose(GLU)on an empty stomach of children were tested,and the effects of obesity on blood lipids and GLU on an empty stomach in children were determined.(3)To explore the correlation between neck circumference and BMI,waist circumference and WHtR of all children.Methods A total of 95 subjects were studied in this study.Among them,34 were obese children,31 were overweight children,30 were normal controls.(1)The height,weight,waist circumference,neck circumference,diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure were measured in the three groups of children.The BMI and WHtR were calculated.(2)GLU and blood lipid including low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and the ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol(TC: HDL-C)were detected in the test children for more than 8 hours on an empty stomach.(3)The bilateral common carotid artery IMTwere measured by ultrasound,and the right common carotid artery(RCCA),right internal carotid artery(RICA),right external carotid artery(RECA),left common carotid artery(LCCA),left internal carotid artery(LICA)and left lateral carotid artery(LECA)systolic diameter(Ds)and bilateral common carotid artery diastolic diameter(Dd)were measured respectively.And the change rates of the bilateral commom carotid artery diameter ware calculated.The peak systolic blood flow velocity(Vs,unit m/s),end diastolicvelocity(Vd,unit m/s),pulsatile index(PI)and resistance index(RI)were measured in each segment;The liver of children was examined by ultrasound to determine whether there was fatty liver and its grading.Results(1)The comparison of the clinical and biochemical parameters between the three groups of normal group,overweight group and obesity group showed that the differences of weight,BMI,waist circumference,WHtR,neck circumference,systolic pressure and diastolic pressure were statistically significant(P < 0.05),and there was no significant difference between GLU,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,TC and TC:HDL-C between the three groups(P > 0.05).(2)There was a significant difference in the change rate of bilateral carotid artery diameter and IMT between the three groups of normal group,overweight group and obesity group(P < 0.05);The difference of IMT and diameter of bilateral common carotid artery was statistically significant in the obese group compared with the normal group(P < 0.05),but there was only a significant difference in the ratio of LCCA diameter(P < 0.05)in the obesity group compared with the overweight group(P < 0.05).Compared with the normal group,there was a significant difference both in the rate of change in diameter of RCCA and LCCAIMT in the overweight group.The partial ultrasonic parameters among the three groups of children in the normal group,the overweight group and the obese group were statistically significant(P <0.05),including internal diameter of systolic artery of each segment(Ds),RCCA-PI,RCCA-RI,RICA-Vs,RICA-Vd,LCCA-Vs,LCCA-Vd,LCCA-PI,LCCA-RI,LICA-Vs,LICA-Vdand LECA-PI(P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in the other ultrasound parameters between the three groups of children(P > 0.05).(3)The neck circumference of all children was significantly correlated with BMI,waist circumference and WHtR.Conclusion(1)The waist circumference,neck circumference,WHtR,systolic pressure and diastolic pressure of obese and overweight children were significantly higher than those of normal weight children.(2)The carotid artery elasticity in children with simple obesity and overweight isreduced compared with normal children(obese children are more obvious).The dynamic monitoring of carotid artery IMT,carotid artery diameter change rate and carotid artery hemodynamics parameters in children with simple obesity and overweight using ultrasound examination can help assess systemic arterial elasticity.It can be used as a comprehensive and reliable monitoring indicator in the prevention and control of childhood obesity,and effectively avoids disease risk.(3)There was no significant change in the results of fasting blood glucose and blood lipid among all the children,but 5 of the obese subjects were examined for fatty liver,which may be related to the degree of obesity and individual differences.(4)The neck circumference,as an additional clinical parameter,can also reflect the body's obesity in a certain extent compared with other conventional parameters.It is simpler and more easy to operate,and the influence factors are less,and the results are more accurate.