The Study Of Verbal Learning And Memory Ability In Healthy Individuals And Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

Objective:1.To analyse the impact of age or sex or education of healthy individuals on verbal Learning and memory ability,making use of California verbal Learning Test-II(CVLT-II)as a evaluation tool.2.To compare the feature of learning and memory in patients with multiple sclerosis(MS)and healthy individuals.Methods:1.one hundred and sixty-four healthy individuals from tianjin’s community were recruited,who were twenty to sixty years old and whose education level is more than three years.All participants completed a series of questionnaires,including Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MOCA)and Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR).All scale results met this standard.The score of MMSE was greater than or equal to twenty-seven points,The score of MOCA was greater than or equal to twenty-six points,The score of CDR was equal to 0 points.CVLT-II was used to appraise the ability of learning and memory of subjects.analytical factors included Trial 1-5(T1-5),Short Delayed Cue Recall(SDCR),Short Delayed Free Recall(SDFR),Long Delayed Cue Recall(LDCR),Long Delayed Free Recall(LDFR),Total Recall Discriminability(TRD),Semantic clustering(SemC),Serial clustering(SerC),Primacy Effect(PE),Recency Effect(RE),Recognition Discriminability(RD),Intrusions and false-positive(FP).We used covariance analysis to analyze the influence of age or sex and education level on verbal learning and memory of healthy crowd.2.twenty-six patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis(RRMS)from neurology department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital were enrolled.All participants accomplished the CVLT-II.This research adopted the independent sample t-test to study the characteristics of the learning and memory impairment in patients with MS.Results:1.Healthy individuals were divided into four groups according to different age(including the group of twenty to thirty years old,the group of thirty to forty years old,the group of forty to fifty years old and the group of fifty to sixty years old).in general,The CVLT index scores had significant differences between different age groups,such as T1-5,SDCR,LDFR,LDCR and TRD.The higher the age,the lower the score.As the growth of age,SDFR,SemC,PE and RD presented a trend of gradually reducing,the score of Intrusions and FP showed a trend of gradually rising.There was no significant difference between SerC and RE in all age groups.According to different education levels,healthy individuals were divided into three groups(the group of four to nine years,the group of nine to twelve years,the group of more than twelve years).With the increase of education,T1-5,SDFR,LDFR,SDCR,LDCR,TRD,SemC and RD also gradually increased,while intrusion and FP decreased.There was no a significant correlation between analysis indexes of CVLT-II and gender.2.There was no statistical difference between RRMS group and control group in age,sex and education degree(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the score of the MS group’s analysis index was reduced,such asT1-5,LDFR,LDCR,SDCR,SDFR,TRD,SemC,Retroactive Interference and RI.Conclusion:1.The influence factors of CVLT-II analysis indicators in healthy individuals is the first part of this study.The result shows that T1-5,SDFR,SDCR,LDCR,LDCR,TRD,RD,SemC,Intrusions and FP of healthy individuals are significantly correlated with age and education degree,and are less affected by gender.With the increase of age,The ability of acquire encoding and retrieving of the elderly is obviously affected.Exploring its mechanism,It may be that as the age increases,the ability of self-initiated processing resources of the older is reduced.2.The application of CVLT-II in the patients with MS is the second part of this study.The result shows that compared with the control group,T1-5,SDFR,SDCR,LDFR and LDCR of MS group are significantly reduced,while RD has no obviously difference.demyelination is the main pathological change of MS,which can impact the encoding process of memory by affecting the information processing speed of MS patients,and the impairment of encoding function can injure the ability to obtain information.3.To sum up,there are many deficiencies in this study.Compared with foreign studies,the sample size of this study is relatively small.And the study don’t systematically clarify the effect of gender on CVLT-II indexes and the feature of memory impairment of different types of MS.In the future,A large number of sample and long-term follow-up are still needed,In order to further exploring the impact of various factors on verbal learning and memory function of Chinese healthy individuals and the patient with MS and the memory evolution process of healthy individuals and MS patients.In addition,it is also necessary to understand the mechanism and process of learning and memory impairment in different groups.