| BackgroundGestational Diabetes Mellitus(GDM)refers to diabetes that occurs during Pregnancy or is first discovered[1].It often occurs in the middle and late stages of Pregnancy,accompanied by obvious metabolic abnormalities.If it is not diagnosed and treated in time,it causes a significant increase in maternal and fetal,infant and child complications and mortality which is very harmful to mothers and children.Maternal Pregnancy with gestational diabetes,metabolic metabolism and lipid metabolism in the body will cause metabolic abnormalities,which will increase the risk of fetal overweight.Since gestational diabetes can lead to an increase in the incidence of macrosomia in neonates,studies have found that obesity and overweight in infants aged 0～2 years are related to factors such as weight loss at birth,maternal diabetes in Pregnancy,and early irrational feeding[2-4].It is the occurrence of overweight and obesity in infants and young children of gestational diabetes different from normal population,and there is little report on whether gestational diabetes has an effect on overweight and obesity in offspring,childhood or even childhood.Most studies on gestational diabetes domestic and abroad focus on the impact on maternal and fetal outcomes of gestational diabetes.In addition,domestic research mainly focuses on obesity in children and adolescents,and there is still a lack of research on the growth and development of offspring in GDM Patients’ results[5].Searching related literature did not find any relevant research on gestational diabetes and overweight and obesity in infants in the Province.Therefore,the research on the related factors of gestational diabetes and overweight and obesity in infants in Liaocheng area Provides reference for improving the population quality of the region.Therefore,based on the above research background,this survey was conducted.PurposeThe maternal births in our hospital and the delivery of the hospital as the research object,follow-up observation of the incidence of obesity and its influencing factors,the research results can Provide reference for maternal and child health work in the region,and develop health Policies for the government and health administrative departments.Provide optimized basis for resource allocation.MethodsThis study used a retrospective cohort study approach.Choosing women who gave birth in obstetrics and gynaecology in Liaocheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 1,2011 to May 31,2015,with GDM as the exposure factor,the Pregnant women with GDM during Pregnancy were exposed,and did not have GDM during Pregnancy.As a non-exposure group,the maternal health care system management information and telephone follow-up were conducted to follow up the Physical development and feeding data of infants and children aged 1～3 years old,and to compare whether the subjects had GDM to the offspring of infants and children.Factors associated with the effects of obesity.Results1.Basic information of the study there were 2104 maternal women who met the conditions of the study during the study Period,of which 491 had GDM during Pregnancy and the exposure rate of GDM during Pregnancy was 23.3%.2.The total overweight rate and obesity rate of the offspring of the GDM exposure group were 23.4%and 14.7%;respectively,which were significantly higher than that of the control group(15.9%and 11.2%,respectively,P<0.05).The incidence of overweight and obesity in infants and young children The overweight rates of the offspring of the GDM exposure group at 0.5,1,1.5,2,and 3 years old were:18.9%,21.7%,18.3%,20.7%,9.2%,obesity.The rates were:8.4%,13.2%,11.1%,12.8%,and 9.2%;the overweight rates of the non-exposed group were 0.54,1,1.5,2,and 3 years old,respectively,23.4%,17.2%,and 13.9.%,16.8%,8.6%,and obesity rates were 12.2%,7.9%,7.7%,6.9%,and 4.3%,respectively.3.The obese prevalence of the offspring of GDM patients at the age of 0.5,1 and 2 years old was significantly higher than that of the children without GDM during pregnancy.At 3 years old,the incidence of overweight is significantly higher.4.Multivariate regression analysis showed that the factors influencing overweight and obesity in infants and young children were GDM(OR=1.219,95%CI:1.048-2.875,P=0.034)and BMI≧25 before pregnancy(OR= 2.092,95%CI).:1.209-3.787,P=0.031),maternal weight gain ≧ 12kg(OR=1.935,95%CI:1.164-3.491,P=0.006),birth weight ≧4kg(OR=1.857,95%CI:1.027-4.62),P=0.014),supplemental food addition time<4m or>6m(OR= 1.133,95%CI:1.027～4.621,P=0.042),breastfeeding as a protective factor(OR= 0.583,95%CI:0.125～0.725,P=0.047).Conclusions1.When the mother had GDM during pregnancy,the obesity rates were 14.3%,13.2%,and 12.8%in the 0.5,1 and 2 years old,respectively.The obesity rates of the non-GDM subjects were 12.2%,7.9%,and 6.9%,respectively.2.2.GDM is an important factor leading to obesity and overweight in infants and young children.The risk of obesity in GDM progeny at 1 year old is 1.67 times that of non-GDM study subjects;the percentage of attributable risk is 40.5%.3.Influencing factors of overweight and obesity in infants and young children In addition to maternal GDM during pregnancy,there are still mothers who are overweight and obese before pregnancy,excessive weight gain during pregnancy,and high birth weight,early or late addition of complementary food,and and unfamiliar feeding methods.RecommendationsEarly diagnosis of gestational diabetes as early as Possible intervention,active control of blood sugar,Increase the amount of weight during pregnancy,Promotion of breastfeeding,rational addition of complementary foods,control of these factors,help reduce the risk of obesity and overweight in infants and young children. |
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