Study On The Calculation Of Healthy City Index And Its Influencing Factors

With the rapid advancement of urbanization,the scale of urban population has expanded year by year,and the city has been given many responsibilities and requirements as an important carrier of residents’ work and life.However,interest-oriented urban development has brought about environmental pollution and resource shortages,threatening the health of residents.In response to a range of health challenges,healthy city strategy emerged.The construction of healthy city in China depends on the construction of sanitary city,but there are still problems of shorter construction time and lower construction level.With the promulgation of the "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline Document in 2016,China’s healthy city construction has gradually risen to the level of national strategy.Understanding and evaluating the status quo of healthy city development in China and exploring the factors affecting the level of healthy city are of great significance to promoting the strategic development of healthy city in China and improving the quality of healthy city construction.This study starts with the concept of healthy city,based on the principle of science,universal recognition,accessibility and repeatability,builds a healthy city evaluation system based on the DPSIRM conceptual model,and the health data of the 30 provincial capitals in 2007-2016 was measured.Firstly,based on the driving force-pressure-state-impact-response-management perspective,the evaluation indicators are screened,and the principal component analysis method is used to determine the indicators to form a healthy city evaluation system.Secondly,due to the large number of sample cities,it is inconvenient to conduct separate analysis.By using cluster analysis method,30 provincial capital cities are divided into four types of areas,and the category characteristics are analyzed.Thirdly,empirical analysis is conducted on the above-mentioned classified cities to explore the influence degree of each index on healthy cities.Finally,based on the results of empirical analysis,relevant policy recommendations were proposed to improve the construction of healthy city in China.The main findings are as follows:(1)China’s healthy city index currently has a low overall level,a large fluctuation between years,a significant difference between cities,and a situation in which the index decreases from east to west in terms of space.In addition,although there have been rapid growth stages,except for individual cities,the 2016 healthy city index did not show significant improvement compared to a decade ago.(2)In the analysis of the factors affecting the health index,the per capita social fixed assets investment,education expenditure as a percentage of regional GDP and the number of patents per 10,000 people have a significant positive effect on the improvement of the healthy city index.The proportion of health expenditure to regional GDP and population density index has an “U” relationship with the overall healthy city index,and the proportion of health expenditure to regional GDP is currently in a negative effect stage,while population density is currently positive.In addition,the number of air pollution days was significantly negatively correlated with the healthy city index.There is a complex three-time relationship between per capita local fiscal expenditure and the overall healthy city index,and it has a negative effect at this stage.The impact of urbanization rate and population mortality on the overall healthy city index was not significant.(3)In the analysis of economic regions,the healthy city index in the eastern region is higher than that in the central,western and northeastern provincial capitals,but the current healthy city level has a certain degree of stagnation or retrogression.The overall health level of the central provincial capital is slightly lower than that of the eastern region,and the sensitivity of education expenditure to the proportion of regional GDP and per capita social fixed assets investment is relatively high.The development of healthy city in the western provincial capitals are relatively weak,and the construction of healthy city is slightly lagging.The per capita local fiscal expenditures in this region have a positive “U” curve.Among the sensitive factors of the provincial health index of the northeastern provincial capitals,the proportion of education expenditure to regional GDP has the greatest effect on the health city index.(4)In the analysis of cluster regions,the first type of area has higher health characteristics,and is sensitive to urbanization rate,population density and per capita local fiscal expenditure factors.The second type of area has a good performance in the distribution of urban services and social public resources,but it is negative in the production and employment structure,it is also sensitive to the proportion of education expenditure to regional GDP,per capita social fixed assets investment and pollution days.The characteristics of the third type of regional health cities are lower than those of the first,second and fourth regions,and there are negative effects in various aspects such as health investment,population characteristics,production and employment structure.There is a positive “U” relationship between the per capita local fiscal expenditure and the healthy city index in the region,and it is in the negative effect range at this time.The fourth type of area performs better in urban transportation and urban services,but it is poorly evaluated in terms of production,employment structure and disease prevention.The regional health city index is positively sensitive to per capita social fixed asset investment,education expenditure as a percentage of regional GDP and population density,and there is a “U” type relationship between the healthy city index and the health expenditure as a percentage of regional GDP.