Long-Term Care Needs And Influencing Factors Among Disabled Elderly In Old-Age Institutions

Objective:The needs of long-term care for the disabled elderly in old-age institutions were investigated by using Cao Pei-Ye’s questionnaire on the needs of long-term care for the disabled elderly in the old-age institutions.A self-designed questionnaire of influencing factors was used to investigate the influence factors of long-term care needs of disabled elderly.The purpose of this paper is to reveal the present situation of the long-term care needs of the disabled elderly in the old-age institutions,explore the influencing factors,and provide the theoretical basis for satisfying the long-term care needs of the disabled elderly in the old-age institutions.Methods:Based on Cao Pei-Ye’s questionnaire on the needs of long-term care for the disabled elderly in old-age institutions,Newman’s health-care system theory and the reference literature,the questionnaire of influencing factors on the long-term care needs of disabled elderly was designed from three aspects: internal stress source,interpersonal pressure source and external pressure source.Taking convenient sampling,the old people with disability in old-age institutions were investigated by questionnaire.The content validity was calculated by expert consultation.The reliability was determined by cronbach’s α coefficient,and the construct validity was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis.The long-term care demand and its influencing factors were statistically analyzed by SPSS19.0 software,and the average ±standard deviation was used for descriptive analysis.Taking long-term care demand as dependent variable,general data and influencing factors as independent variables,multivariate linear regression analysis was carried out.Results:(1)Reliability and validity of the influential factors questionnaire: After item analysis and two exploratory factor analysis,24 items were formed.The total content validity(S-CVI)of the questionnaire was 0.97.The content validity(I-CVI)of each item was between 0.8 and 1;The factor analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of each factor was 61.764%,the factor load of each item in the corresponding common factor was more than 0.40 and the commonality degree was more than 0.3,and the factor structure was basically consistent with the theoretical framework.The cronbach’s α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.807,and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were good.(2)The current situation of long-term care demand: the demand score was(105.04 ±21.68),and the average score was(2.76 ±0.57),which was in the middle level of demand.Among the dimensions of the requirements,the higher scores of the dimensions of the requirements are: The average score of daily care needs was(3.09 ±0.87),that of social participation was(2.90 ±1.06),and that of mental comfort was(2.89 ±0.86).The average score of demand for basic medical care was(2.86 ±0.96).The dimensions with lower scores are:The average score of health guidance requirement was(2.53 ±0.89),and that of specialized medical care was(2.08 ±0.81).(3)The influencing factors of long-term care demand were as follows:(1)The internal stress source was the influence factor of daily life care demand,basic medical care demand,specialized medical care demand and health guidance demand,and had a positive correlation with it(P<0.001).(2)Interpersonal stressors entered the multiple regression equations of daily care needs,basic medical care needs,health guidance needs,spiritual comfort needs and social participation needs,and were positively correlated with them(P < 0.001).(3)Individual external stressors are the influencing factors of daily care needs,basic medical care needs,spiritual comfort needs and social participation needs(P<0.001).(4)else: The higher the number of children living in the same city,the smaller the demand for daily care for the disabled elderly in the old-age institutions.The lower the demand for basic medical care and spiritual comfort for the disabled elderly with low monthly family income.The longer the time of disability for the elderly,the higher the demand for specialized medical care and spiritual comfort.The unmarried and married disabled elderly had lower demand for health guidance.Conclusion:(1)The questionnaire of influencing factors on long-term care needs of the disabled elderly in old-age institutions has good reliability and validity,which is suitable for the evaluation of the influencing factors of the needs of the disabled elderly in old-age institutions.(2)The needs of the disabled elderly in old-age institutions are at a medium level,among which the demand for daily care is the highest.Different stress sources have great influence on the demand of different dimensions,especially the internal stress source and interpersonal pressure source have great influence on the demand.It is suggested that the pension institutions should pay attention to the stress sources within individuals and interpersonal stressors.