| Objective: The traditional grading method of commodity specifications based on subjective experience identification can not meet the current situation of grading of Chinese herbal pieces,With the development of modern science and technology and the change of market demand.Based on the traditional grading methods of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Ligusticum Chuanxiong and Ilex pubescens and combined with modern scientific methods,In this study,the commodity specifications and grading standards of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Ligusticum Chuanxiong and Ilex pubescens were established to provide reference for the research of high-quality Chinese herbal pieces and the scientific method of classifying the commodity specifications of Chinese herbal medicines.Methods: A total of no less than 30 batches of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Ligusticum Chuanxiong and Ilex pubescens were collected.Firstly,it was measured according to the traditional grading method including the width,diameter,proportion of large slices and sectional color of the slices.At the same time,the evaluation indexes of different classification of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Ligusticum Chuanxiong and Ilex pubescens were determined,which were combined with modern scientific evaluation indicators including water,ash,extracts,TLC identification,determination of active ingredients and fingerprint of HPLC.The grade of Danshen,Chuanxiong and Ilex pubescens were obtained by the statistical method of cluster analysis clustered the traditional appearance index and intrinsic quality index of different classified pieces.Results and conclusionSalvia miltiorrhiza decoction pieces were collected in 30 batches,which were divided into three grades,including 12 batches of first-class pieces,13 batches of second-class pieces and 5 batches of third-class pieces.In first-class pieces,Salvia miltiorrhiza was mostly dark red brown or purple in color,irregular thick slices 2-4 mm,average diameter more than 1.0 cm,texture value more than 1.15,no moth,mildew.Salvia miltiorrhiza the origin of Sichuan,Shandong was good.Alcohol-soluble extract content was not less than 20.00%.Salvianolic acid B content was not less than 5.00%.TLC characteristic atlas corresponds to speckles with the same color in the same position of the contrast chromatography.The similarity of liquid phase characteristic spectra was no less than 0.9 compared with the control spectra.In second-class pieces,the color of Salvia miltiorrhiza was mostly dark red-brown,irregular thick 2-5mm,average diameter 0.4-1.0cm,texture value more than 1.05,no worms,mildew.Sichuan and Shandong were the best places of origin.The content of alcohol-soluble extract was not less than 15.00%.Salvianolic acid B content was not less than 3.80%.TLC characteristic atlas corresponded to speckles with the same color in the same position of the contrast chromatography.Liquid phase characteristic atlas: compared with the control atlas,the similarity was no less than 0.95.In third-class pieces,the color of Salvia miltiorrhiza was mostly red-brown,with irregular thick sheets of 2-6 mm and texture value of more than 1.05.There were no worms,mildews,and the origin of Salvia miltiorrhiza was unlimited.The content of alcohol-soluble extract was not less than 15.00%.Salvianolic acid B content was not less than 3.00%.TLC characteristic atlas corresponded to speckles with the same color in the same position of the contrast chromatography.Liquid phase characteristic atlas: compared with the control atlas,the similarity was no less than 0.80.Among them,the water content,total ash content and acid-insoluble ash content did not exceed the limit prescribed according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia of 2015 edition,and had no obvious correlation with the classification of Danshen Decoction pieces.The upper limit was set in accordance with the Pharmacopoeia of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia of the 2015 edition.Thirty-nine batches of Ligusticum Chuanxiong decoction pieces were collected,which were divided into two grades,26 batches of first-class decoction pieces and 13 batches of second-class Decoction pieces.The first-class pieces were irregular butterfly slices with grayish-brown or brown surface,yellow-white or grayish-yellow section,2-4mm thick slices and 2-7cm diameter.They had no moth,mildew,strong fragrance,bitter and bitter taste.Sichuan was the best place of origin,with water content not exceeding 12.00%,total ash content not exceeding 6.00%,acid-insoluble ash content not exceeding 2.00%,alcohol-soluble extract not less than 15.00%.Ferulic acid content was not less than 0.12%.Ligustilide content was not less than 1.50%.BUTYLPHENYL peptide content was not less than 0.08%.TLC characteristic atlas corresponded to speckles with the same color in the same position of the contrast chromatography.The similarity of liquid phase characteristic atlas was no less than 0.9 compared with the control atlas.The second-class pieces were irregular butterfly slices with grayish brown or brown surface,yellow-white or grayish-yellow section,1-6 mm thick,2-7 cm diameter,no moth,mildew,strong aroma,bitter taste and bitter taste,unlimited origin,no more than 12.00% moisture content,no more than 6.00% total ash content,no more than 2.00% acid-insoluble ash content,no less than 12% alcohol-soluble extract,no less than 0.10% ferulic acid content and no less than ligustrum.The content of lactone was not less than 0.6% and that of BUTYLPHENYL peptide was not less than 0.06%.The TLC characteristic map corresponded to the spots with the same color in the same position of the control chromatography.The similarity between the liquid phase characteristic map and the control map was not less than 0.70.Ilex pubescens pieces were divided into three grades,including 16 batches of first-class pieces,18 batches of second-class pieces and 5 batches of third-class pieces.The root of Ilex pubescens was the first-order Decoction pieces,which were irregular cylindrical flakes.The diameter of Decoction pieces was 1.3-8.0 cm.surface light yellow to black-brown,rough,with longitudinal furrows and wrinkles,thin skin,some peeling off,peeling off gray yellow.Guangxi was the best place of origin,with water content not exceeding 8.00%,total ash content not exceeding 5.00%,and alcohol-soluble extract content not less than 10.00%.The content of Ilex pubescens saponin A1 was not less than 0.1% and Ilex pubescens saponin B1 was not less than 0.05%.TLC characteristic atlas corresponded to speckles with the same color in the same position of the contrast chromatography.Liquid phase characteristic atlas: Compared with the control atlas,the similarity was no less than 0.85.The root of Ilex pubescens was the second-order pieces,which were irregular cylindrical flake.Diameter were 1.3-8.0 cm;surface were light yellow to black-brown,rough,with longitudinal furrows and wrinkles,thin skin,some peeling,peeling place was grayish yellow,origin was not limited,moisture content was not more than 8%,total ash content was not more than 5%,alcohol-soluble extract content was not less than 10%.Ilex pubescens saponin A1 content was not less than 0.10%.TLC characteristic atlas corresponded to spots of the same color in the same position as the control chromatogram.LC characteristic atlas: Compared with the control atlas,the similarity was not less than 0.80.The stem base and branches of Ilex pubescens were long cylindrical with a diameter of 1-5 cm,and the surface was light gray with skin holes.Plasmalemma was hard.Most of them were 0.5-1.0 cm thick,thin phloem section,yellow-white;xylem wide,yellow-white,light or yellowish-brown,with dense texture,some visible pith,origin was unlimited,moisture content was not more than 8.00%,total ash content was not more than 5%,alcohol-soluble extract content was not less than 3.00%.The similarity of liquid phase characteristic atlas was not less than 0.70 compared with the control atlas.The grading standards of Danshen,Chuanxiong and Ilex pubescens were established according to traditional character identification and applied to modern index detection.It provided technical support for high quality,high price and rational clinical dispensing of Chinese herbal pieces,and also provided new ideas and methods for the study of specifications and grading standards of Chinese herbal pieces. |
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