Non-english Major Student Engagement In Flipped Classroom Of College English Course

Flipped classroom means that events that have traditionally taken place inside the classroom now take place outside the classroom and vice versa.Students watch the instructional videos independently out of class,and participate a series of interactive activities in class designed to promote students' deeper learning.There are many researches about flipped classroom mainly focusing on definitions and effects of flipped classroom.However,as for the engagement in flipped classroom,no existed engagement scales can be directly used in the flipped classroom for college English course in China.This paper is going to construct an engagement scale of flipped classroom in China and to measure student engagement in the flipped classroom carried out in a university of Chongqing.Three steps were taken in this research: first of all,construction of engagement scale.Under the direction of three dimensional engagement theory from Fredricks et al.,combined scales of Appleton,Kuh,Coates,Li Shuang and Yu Chen,the scale was constructed.This scale included in-class scale(IC)and out-of-class scale(OC),which all contained three dimensions,that is,behavioral,emotional,cognitive engagement.Secondly,verification of the scale.The participants were non-English major freshmen from that university.Round one,40 participants(35 valid data)were extracted by convenience sampling for pilot test;round two,300 participants(260 valid data)were extracted by stratified sampling for exploratory factor analysis(EFA)in SPSS;round three,230 participants(210 valid data)were extracted by stratified sampling for confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)in Amos.The purpose of reliability and factor analysis is to make sure that the newly constructed scale has good reliability and validity.The results show that this scale had good reliability and acceptable validity.Third,measurement of student engagement in flipped classroom.230 participants(210 valid data)were extracted by stratified sampling for measuring student engagement in flipped classroom carried out in the same university of Chongqing.The results show that students are engaged significantly differently in behavioral,emotional,and cognitive engagement.Overall student emotional engagement is higher than cognitive engagement,and student behavioral engagement is the lowest.There is no significant difference between genders,but there are significant differences among majors.And the overall perception towards flipped classroom is optimistic.An interview(a male and a female)was carried out in order to clearly explore student engagement in flipped classroom.Three implications are proposed.First,educators should encourage students' more online interaction so as to enhance behavioral engagement out of class;second,educators should create an attractive learning context and motivate students explicitly in order to enhance student emotional engagement;third,educators should know more about students' learning styles and strategies in order to enhance cognitive engagement both in and out of classroom.