A Study Of Ju State Bell In Zhou Dynasty

Ju State,one of the ancient states of Dongyi founded by descendants of the Shaohao tribe.From the founding of the state of Zhou(1046 BC)to 431 BC,it was destroyed by the state of Chu.It lasted for hundreds of years and was once a powerful country in Eastern Yi.In the history,there are few records on deposit of Ju State,but the unearthed relics in the field archaeology are quite abundant,which to a certain extent fills in the absence of records.As an important part of the civilization of rites and music at that time,Bell was the material carrier of studying Ju State music culture.Therefore,this paper takes the Ju State Bell of Zhou Dynasty published in the mainland of China as the research object,and uses the research methods of documentation,Archaeology and musicology to analyze and summarize the characteristics and rules of its external shape and musical performance,in order to explore the cultural characteristics and causes of Ju State music reflected behind the bell.The main body of this paper is divided into three parts:the first part mainly USES the method of archaeological typology to classify,arrange and compare a large number of Ju bells according to the external type system of Musical Instruments,and analyzes the cultural characteristics,stages and ages of various kinds of Ju bells,in order to explore the overall development of Ju bells in the spring and autumn period and warring states period.In the second part,the author analyzes the gongyin height and the sound sequence structure of the Ju State bells,in order to explore the musical characteristics of the Ju State bells.The third part,combined with the historical documents and archaeological data,to the cultural characteristics,historical origin of Ju instrument are studied,such as the Ju South music culture origin,the continuation of conditions and the characteristics of a certain carding and analysis,in order to stand in the height of the social culture more deeply and comprehensively explain the Ju instrument music phenomenon.Ju’s music has existed since the primitive society,and its origin is far-reaching and continues in the later ages.The economic and cultural power has increased in Ju State Zhou dynasty,especially in the later of Spring and Autumn period,the bronze smelting technology to Ju bell of the development of the peak,but at the same time,due to factors such as age particularity by politics,war makes representations,also affected by the sun*ounding culture especially haojing culture,in the zhou dynasty Ju bell in shape and music performance and haojing culture gradually approximation.Bo Bell,Yong Zhong and Niu Zhong of Ju state could be divided into type A and type B.The Bo bells set a certain scale in the mid and late spring and autumn period,mainly set the ring button and planar abdomen;Yong Bell period was from the middle and late western Zhou dynasty to the middle spring and autumn period.In the middle of the spring and autumn period to the middle of the warring states period,nine bell sets were made.According to the sound measurement analysis,the two sets of music bells in Junan Dadian M2 in the middle of the spring and autumn period and the tomb of the eastern Zhou dynasty in the phoenix mountain of Linyi have the same palace tone and scale,which represents the sound characteristics of Ju Bell-~6E is the six tone mode of the palace(with clear Angle added).However,the chime bells of gongsun chao-zi in zang jiazhuang in the warring states period were different from the former in palace tone and pronunciation.The palace tone and scale commonly used in a region’s bianzhong music would not change rapidly in a short period of time.Therefore,the chime bells of gongsun chao-zi showed some cultural characteristics.Although the Ju culture has its own unique style,it does not go beyond the uniform regulations of the ritual system and culture.The reason lies in two aspects:the accumulation of ju’s original cultural tradition,the cultural exchange between Ju state,central government and other states.