An Analysis On Some Of Historical Issues About Nak-Shod During TuFan Dynasty

The principal subject of this research paper,that is some of historical matters related to Nagsho during TuFan dynasty,is interpreted by 6 major parts.Here,different documents and research results are thoroughly explained.Taking real place survey and instructions of major documents as basis,I have composed this paper through introduction to all of the new research related documents which will be absolutely necessary for future research.It is not a repetition of the past research but current related difficult matters are not ignored.Each of the parts are composed of the objects and resources of research.In the 1st part,subjects like Sum-pa and Sum-ru are taken more seriously.Through the historical research method i.e.knowing generality before particularity,I have mentioned the relation of Nak-shod with Sum-pa comparing different historical documents.Sum-pa was firstly neighbour to Zhang-zhung,a north-western country of Tibet,and it was established through conquering eleven sTong-sde(sTong-sde is a community with one thousand family)by Tibet.How Sum-pa's power consequently increased to north-eastern part of Tibet after both of the bigger and smaller mDo-khams were annexed to the part of Sum-pa ru are also shown.I have also mentioned how Nak-shod was formerly a part of Sum-pa and gradually changed to Sum-ru sTong-Buchung and how it was controlled by TuFan dynasty.The sources of this part are: DunHuang Tibetan scroll,some of early Chinese historical documents,early Arabic document known as Golden Pasture,2nd-5th century's Kharosthi script in Chinese version,and mainly Tibetan religious historical books.The 2nd and 3rd parts are the basis of this research.Here,I have analysed through learning the comparison of historical geography,terminology,and related documents about the place name ”Nak-shod“ and its territory.That is started with purposeful analysis on how many different ways of writing the name of Nak-shod have happened,the causes of the difference,and the change through the time,and finally the spelling of the name is ascertained.In the 2nd part,the spread of Nak-shod is ascertained through different ways of analysis: the statement of different documents,oral tradition of general public,faith to regional gods,and so forth.The main sources of the two parts are: Khram-byang and scroll of Tufan dynasty era that was found in Xinjiang,stone scripts that are in Nak-shod 'Brong-sna monastery,early Tibetan religious historical books,and actual historical written documents of Qing dynasty.It is supported by many research results that came through real site survey.The 4th and 5th parts are like the actual part of the research.It is begun with differentiation between Nak-shod and Naks-shod.Then,the general situation of Nak-shod sTong-buchung and gZi-'phrang of northern Nak-shod are determined through tracing many historical documents,and supported by many already existed research results.In the 5th part,general historical events of sTong-sde and sTong-buchung are mentioned and more importantly the historical events of Nak-shod sTong-buchung are purposefully stated.How Nak-shod sTong-buchung gained right of Bar Gyi dPa-sde are clearly mentioned through summary of DunHuang's important issues which is in accordance with lDe-ston and dPa'-wo gTsug-lag phreng-ba's religious historical works.Finally,some of great contributions of Nak-shod sTong-buchung to military power of TuFan dynasty are expressed with reliable object of analysis.The sources of these two parts are: Khram-byang and scroll of Tufan dynasty era that was found in Xinjiang,summary of DunHuang scrolls,early Arabic document known as Golden Pasture,different religious historical works,and Rlangs Kyi Poti bSe-ru.In the 6th part,I have engaged,by studying treatises on spoken and written language,in research on the history of Rus-Rlang,Glang,Rlangs,and how these terms developed from the name of conceit to derived name with the flow of the evolution of human beings' language.In brief,the arrival of lHa-rigs 'Phan-poche Rlangs to Nak-shod which was mentioned through a story in Rlangs Kyi Poti bSe-ru,some of important names of places which are in accordance with some of terms used in upper Nak-shod,and continuation of the generation in the same region is also mentioned in the part.The main material sources of the part are: some of DunHuang scrolls,Khram-byang and scroll of Tufan dynasty era that was found in Xinjiang,engraved letters found in Brag-gyab Ri-mDa' lDhan-ma,rBa-bZhed,Rlangs Kyi Poti bSe-ru,most of recent religious historical works,and it is supported by survey on the real place and question and answer with elders.The four appendixes: 2 research articles,1 report of actual site survey,1 note of question and answer,are for supplementary materials for actual research,more importantly they are research supplies for those who want to investigate the cultural study related to Nak-shod.