Research On The Statues Of Wanfo Cave In Qingliang Mountain Of Yan’an

Wanfo Cave in Qingliang Mountain of Yan’an,Shanxi Province is a representative cave in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty in the Yan’an area.It is large in scale and rich in statues and inscriptions.It is a typical case for studying the combination and theme of statues in the Song and Jin Grottoes in Yan’an.This paper selects the main imagery themes in Wanfo Dong to do a monographic study.Based on the fieldwork,it mainly uses the methods of iconography and art history to analyze the image composition and characteristics,and compare the same type of images in the Song and Jin Grottoes in Yan’an or other areas to explore the personality and development of statues in Wanfo Cave.The full article is divided into six chapters.The first chapter is the introduction.The second chapter mainly introduces the grotto shape and the classification and layout of the statues in Wanfo Cave,and analyzes the age of the caves and the order of the statues.The third chapter to the fifth chapter is the main part of the article,"Three Buddhas","The Water Moon Guanyin in Free Sitting " and "Nirvana Image Combination" as the most important and unique imagery theme in Wanfo Cave,throughout the Song and Jin Grottoes in Yan’an is also representative.The third chapter restores the integral configuration of the Buddha statues at the altar.According to the existing viewpoints of the academic circles,it discusses the identity of the "Three Buddhas" and put forward the key issues of the "Three Buddhas Change" through the analysis of the history of image development.Thus,the theme of "three Buddhas" in the Song and Jin Caves in Yan’an area was judged as the combination of Sakyamuni and Maitreya Buddha and Amitabha.The fourth chapter,the unified "free sitting" style of the Water Moon Guanyin is popular in the cave temples of the same period in the northern Shaanxi and Sichuan regions,which is different from the "squatting" tradition maintained by other regions.And there are three kinds of pictures in the Guanyin image,which are mainly influenced by folk beliefs and folk literature.In the fifth chapter,This Nirvana image combination of Wanfo Cave is quite innovative while inheriting the traditional image elements,and has a reference for the Nirvana image that appears after the Northern Shanxi area.Wanfo Cave’s imagery art is unique and innovative while inheriting traditional elements,and interacts with the images of Sichuan and Chongqing.It is a process of continuous localization and secularization,and influenced by the esoteric.As the pre-representative grotto in the active period of the Yan’an Grottoes,Wanfo Cave has the role of linking up and down,whitch is a typical case study of Yan’an area during this period.It represents the personality and development of the Northern Grottoes in the Song Dynasty,and other grottoes in the Yan’an area.Together constitute the independent development system of the image of the northern Shanxi grottoes.