A Study On The Semantic Features And Bias Analysis Of "Shang" In "V+shang"

As a common Chinese word in the basic vocabulary of modern Chinese,“shang” looks very simple on the surface,but its connotation is particularly rich.It can be a verb,as an action verb,it can be a predicate alone in a sentence,as a trend verb,it can be followed by a verb to form a part of the sentence.The structure “V + shang” is used frequently in modern Chinese,it’s very difficult for the people who learn Chinese as a second language to learn.In the past,many scholars have made great achievements in the study of “V+ shang”,and have done a lot of research and analysis on the nature,meaning,syntactic structure,acquisition order and errors.Based on the previous research,this paper analyzes the semantic evolution and grammatical features of “shang” in “V+ shang” from the perspective of the meaning of “shang”,trying to combine its form and meaning for mutual verification.Yue-hua liu(1998)put forward thatall tendency verbs express three kinds of meaning,the directional meaning,the result meaning,and state meaning in theGeneral Information.This paper holds that the trend meaning of “shang” can be divided into agent displacement and patient displacement according to the consistency of “V” and “shang”.According to the nature of “landmark”,Theresult meaning can be divided into meaning of “contact,attachment and fixation” and “achieve and complete”.Meanwhile,it is pointed out that “contact” is the core of the former meaning,while the latter emphasizes that “it is not easy to achieve and requires subjective efforts”.This paper based on Dynamic composition corpus of Beijing Language and Culture University,collecting and organizing the effectively linguistic date on foreign students using the “V + shang”.Through the date,we found: the learners mainly used the result meaning of “shang”,and rarely used the directional meaning and state meaning.In the error analysis,we found that learners’ errors in the use of “V+ shang” structure are mainly in the following four aspects: omission,addition,wrong alternation and disorder.Wrong alternation is the most common of them,it is mainly related to learners’ reasoning and generalization onthe basics of incomplete understanding word meaning and “V+ shang” structure.It is also found that when learners use “V+shang”structure,the phenomenon of using verbsis limited,which is related to HSK composition form on the one hand,and shows that foreign students’ acquisition of “V” is not comprehensive on the other hand.By analyzing the causes of the errors,this paper attempts to put forward constructive suggestions from the perspectives of teachers and learners,hoping to be helpful to the second language teachers and learners.