From Tribe To Empire: A Study Of The Historical Evolution Of The Early Ottoman State

The Ottoman Empire rose in the northwest of Asia Minor,and its country lasted for more than 600 years(ca.1300-1922).The early Ottoman state emerged in the second process of the Turkicization in Asia Minor.In the turbulent social environment of the Asia Minor in the 13 th century,Ottoman developed from a small tribe in a frontier-zone to a frontier emirate with multiple cultures.After more than 150 years of conquest expansion by Osman I to Mehmed II,a world empire that accommodates multi-ethnic,and diverse identity has emerged.The purpose of this paper is to describe the historical process of the development of the Ottoman state and to explore the internal motives of the rise of this empire.Military conquest is the main way for the formation of the Ottoman state,and its internal structure has also changed due to the expansion of conquest.Therefore,this article takes the Ottoman’s external expansion and the internal power integration into two main lines to explore the formation process of the Ottoman Empire.The first chapter mainly examines the process of Turkicization in Asia Minor and the political changes in the 13 th century between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk of Rum.This part focus on the rise of the Ottoman tribe and the establishment of the Ottoman u?(border/frontier)emirate.The second chapter mainly discusses the military expansion and system construction of the Ottoman state from the period of Orhan I to Bayezid I.At this stage,Ottoman gradually developed from a frontier state to a regional power,and during the Bayezid I regime,it established a centralized rule and strengthened the power of Sultans.By the early 15 th century,Ottoman was already a quasi-empire,however,the invasion of the Timur Empire temporarily crushed this country.The third chapter is divided into two sections.The first part mainly examines the Ottoman civil war and the state reorganization after the Battle of Ankara in 1402.The second part mainly analyzes the history of Ottoman from a regional power to a world empire from Murad II to Mehmed II.It mainly examines the territorial expansion of the Ottoman state during this period,and the Internal political structure changes caused by this expansion..The conclusion part traces the development history of the early Ottoman state,analyzes the historical background and motive forces of the Ottoman state formation,and focuses on the historical influence of the rise of the Ottoman Empire.