Contrastive Study Of Shanxi Guild Hall In The Ming And Qing Dynasties

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Shanxi merchants go south,at home and abroad to create an amazing business miracle.With the rise of Shanxi merchants,they in order to maintain their rights and interests in the place of business,coordinate their own internal interests in the business of the dispute,at the same time,in order to meet their own long-term life and culture needs in a foreign land,has established all levels of the "Shanxi Guild Hall",has become an important platform for the development of Shanxi businessmen.According to my preliminary study,the Ming and Qing Dynasties "Shanxi Guild Hall" as many as 182 seats,distributed in 28 provinces of the country.Some of these "Shanxi Guild Halls" were set up by the gentry,some of whom were established by businessmen.Some of the clubhouse is the township hall of a prefecture,while some of the clubhouse accommodates businessmen from all over Shanxi,and even the clubhouse is built by Shanxi and provincial businessmen."Shanxi Guild Hall" variety,a wide range of distribution.This article carries on the preliminary statistics and the research to the "Shanxi Guild Hall" distributed in all parts of the country,divides the "Shanxi Guild Hall" The development history into three stages,the first stage I think should be the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty,this stage is the rise stage of the development of "Shanxi Guild Hall".The second stage I think should be the KangQianJia period,this stage is the peak stage of the development of "Shanxi Guild Hall".The third stage I think should be DaoGuang to XuanTong period,this stage is the decline stage of the development of "Shanxi Guild Hall".This paper analyzes and studies from the angle of the preparation mode of "Shanxi Guild Hall" everywhere,and divides the "Shanxi Guild Hall" into five types,such as the construction by gentry,the construction by merchants,the construction by Shanxi merchants,the co-construction by merchants of Shanxi counties,and the co-combination of the Shanxi merchants and others.This paper analyzes and studies from the point of view of the source of funds of the construction hall,and divides the capital contribution mode of constructing "Shanxi Guild Hall" into four ways,such as the contribution of the gentry,the contribution of the Guild,the joint donation of the merchants,This article takes the hall management industry as the investigation point,will "Shanxi Guild Hall" can be divided into pigment hall,layout hall,Coal Guild hall and so on.This paper studies the management mode of "Shanxi Guild Hall",which is subject to strict supervision,whether the curator is responsible or the rotating responsibility.This paper collates the statute system within some guild halls,the hall has the function of arbitration and punishment on the inside and punishment on the inside of the hall.This paper also makes a classification study of the income and expenditure of the clubhouse,in order to explore the role of "Shanxi Guild Hall" and the reasons for the support of "Shanxi Guild Hall" for hundreds of years.This paper also makes a statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of "Shanxi Guild Hall",and combs out the distribution pattern of "Shanxi Guild Hall",which is less than North and south,and the east-west.Moreover,"Shanxi Guild Hall" in the capital and the north are more distributed,in the eastern coast along the river commercial ports are also more distributed.From the point of view of cultural belief,this paper studies the "Shanxi Guild Hall",which not only concerns the public belief,but also other spiritual beliefs such as the belief of the god of Wealth,and also embodies the Confucian ideological and cultural beliefs.On the basis of this,we can find that the "Shanxi Guild Hall" is diverse and widely distributed,and can condense the camaraderie,carry forward the righteous deeds,and inherit the local culture.The rise of Shanxi merchants has.also led to the establishment of Shanxi guildhalls in many provinces.By studying Shanxi Guild Halls,we can trace back the history,which will make us understand the development of Shanxi merchants' commerce in Ming and Qing Dynasties better,and also give us some useful enlightenment.