A Comparative Study Of Nadam Festival Between China And Mongolia

Mongolia in China and Mongolia have the same roots in history.The development and evolution of ethnic groups are closely related to the nomadic culture of grasslands.Nadam is the most representative festival of Mongolia.It integrates military affairs,sports,religion,production and life.It is the best portrayal of Mongolian culture and reflects the background of ethnic groups’ historical progress.Since Mongolia’s partition and independence in 1921,Mongolian groups have been scattered in China and Mongolia.Nadam,which represents ethnic culture,has thus embarked on different paths of development.Nadam of Mongolia was officially registered as a world intangible cultural heritage in UNESCO in 2010.Nadam of China was approved by the State Council of China to enter the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists in 2006.As an intangible cultural property,Nadam transcends national boundaries.How to inherit,spread and protect it is of great significance to both countries.In order to achieve the above goals,this paper selects Nadam’s core element "three boys" as the research object,and through literature analysis,comparative research and in-depth interviews,etc.,conducts comparative analysis around five aspects of festival title,content,ceremony,inheritance and function,presenting and analyzing the differences,manifestations and reasons of the development of festival culture between China and Mongolia.The specific contents are as follows:The first part is mainly about the origin and comparison of the appellations of the festival in China and Mongolia.The Mongolian groups in China and Mongolia were originally one and had the same historical origin.In the early days,there were two kinds of "military exercises Nadam" and "sacrifices to obonadam",which were mainly manifested in military competitions and shaman sacrifices.After ethnic separation,various forms of festival activities in areas inhabited by Chinese Mongolians are collectively referred to as "Nadam Convention".The Aobao sacrifice has disappeared.Mongolia has retained the Aobao sacrifice,and its name has evolved into "Buddhist Dan Higgnadam" and "National Day-Nadam" instead of "Military Nadam".The change of festival name and time reflects the difference between the form and core of the festival.The second part compares the specific content of "three events for boys".Bock,horse racing and archery are traditional activities shared by the two countries,with the same theme but obvious differences in specific performance.China has downplayed gender construction and is inclined to innovate.It has not only expanded the "three items of men" and added some items of men related to Chinese culture,such as polo,equestrian,blue games,camel racing,etc.,but also added women’s wrestling competitions,thus becoming a veritable "Nadam Conference".Mongolia,on the other hand,has shown a defensive attitude.The image of the Chinese male is probably a memory of the nomadic culture of the ethnic group.It not only sticks to the traditional three items,but also perfects the competition rules,the sportswear and the title of champion by means of legal customization.The third part is an analysis of the inheritance of the "three items of men".Nadam in China is launched in the form of cultural tours and exhibitions,integrating celebration,commerce and entertainment,showing traces of multi-ethnic integration,especially the Han culture.Various forces have jointly participated in the inheritance of local folk festivals,and the core of festivals has undergone some transformation.Mongolia sticks to its national tradition with two different forms of Nadam,and the situation of common inheritance by the spontaneous forces of the people is stable.The form and core of festivals are relatively fixed and complete.The fourth part analyzes and compares Nadam’s words of the two countries,showing the different meanings of festivals to the two countries from the three dimensions of official,media and folk.Nadam represents the cultural traditions of one race and one country in China and Mongolia respectively,with obvious functional differences.The former is a symbol of self-identification of the Mongolian ethnic group in China,and is also part of the grand tradition of official narration.The latter is a symbol of Mongolian national identity and cultural identity,thus becoming a symbol and symbol of the country.Historical or realistic factors such as culture,politics,beliefs and economy have directly affected the different value orientations of the two countries.The Nadam of China and Mongolia have the same origin and different flows,and there are differences between the two countries.In comparison,the Nadam of Mongolia has retained a relatively complete festival form and has a stable inheritance.The Nadam of China is obviously influenced by politics,economy and culture,with strong innovation and developed media power,but the festival inheritance has a declining trend.The two countries should learn from each other’s public security.The festival exchanges and interactions between the two countries have promoted the trans-regional spread of Nadam culture and are of great significance to the exchange and cooperation between the festival itself and the country.The two countries should learn from each other’s strong points and draw lessons from each other in inheritance mode and cultural reconstruction.