Research On The Imbalance Of Antonym Morphemes In Modern Chinese

This article selects 102 pairs of morphemes with a one-to-one antonymy relationship and marked with "opposite to x" from Modern Chinese Dictionary(7th Edition).They are classified into three types: antonym can use alone morpheme,antonym can’t use alone morpheme,and mixed antonym morpheme.Based on the theory of linguistic marked,the imbalance of antonym morphemes in the semantic,word formation,and use levels is investigated by a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods,and the degree of imbalance is calculated.It also analyzes the distribution characteristics of different part-of-speech morphemes,and finally summarizes the reasons for the imbalance.This article mainly includes four parts:First,description and analysis at the semantic level.At the semantic level,Modern Chinese Dictionary(7th Edition)is used as the language material source,and analyze these following situations: the imbalance between the total amount of antonymous morpheme and antonymy among the three types of antonyms,the imbalance of the number of antonymous terms,the imbalance of the nature of meaning terms,and the extension of meaning The imbalance of appearance order and the relationship between sense terms and parts of speech.By comparison,it is found that in the three types of antonyms on the semantic level,the total amount of sense terms is generally unbalanced,and the number of antonym terms is generally balanced.The imbalance of the nature of the sense item generally does not exceed 25%.The imbalance of the appearance order of the extended meanings is distributed in about 40% of the unformed morphemes.It is distributed around 20% in morpheme and mixed morpheme.There are three cases of the correlation between sense terms and part-of-speech: First is that the sense is completely balanced with the part-of-speech;the second is that the sense is unbalanced and the part-of-speech is balanced;the third is that the sense is balanced and the part-of-speech is unbalanced.Second,the description and analysis of word formation ability.This section counts all the morpheme morphemes in the Chinese Dictionary and Modern Chinese Dictionary(7thEdition),and calculates their imbalance level.And analyze the distribution of three types of antonym morphemes in each imbalance and the distribution of imbalance of each part of speech morpheme.The imbalances of the three types of morphemes in word-building ability are generally distributed in low imbalances level,and the distribution trends are all low imbalances> medium imbalances> high imbalances> full equilibrium> complete imbalances.Third,description and analysis of using frequency level.This part of the corpus comes from the multi-domain corpus in the BCC corpus of Beijing Language and Culture University.The usage frequency of three types of antonym morphemes is statisticed and the degree of imbalance is calculated.The distribution of each imbalance and the performance of each part-of-speech morpheme in the imbalance are analyzed.In the frequency of use,the imbalance of the three types of antonyms is generally high.The distribution trend is high imbalance> middle imbalance / imbalance> low imbalance / middle imbalance.Fourth,the cause of imbalance of antonym morpheme.There are two reasons for the internal and pragmatic factors of the lexical system.Analyze the causes of imbalance in language from the perspective of semantics and word formation;analyze the reasons at the pragmatic level from the perspectives of economic principles,politeness,and optimism;and mark the antonyms in "Now Chinese" found in the research process The question puts forward a unified standardization of the antisense morpheme tagging,the morpheme of different parts of speech can not be antonymous relationship,the polysymbol morpheme antisense relationship should be marked comprehensively,adding "hao" meaning,the above four suggestions.