| Kizil Grottoes is a large-scale grotto temple existing in Xinjiang region of our country with earlier times.It is located in Baicheng County,Aksu Prefecture,Xinjiang,about 70 kilometers away from Kuqa.The Kizil grottoes now have 236 numbered caves.More than 70 of these caves contain relatively complete murals.The grottoes are carved on the cliff of Mingwu Pagoda Hill.Statues and murals in some caves were severely stolen,leaving only mutilated bodies.Many caves still contain Tocharian language(ancient Kucina language),and Kizil grottoes are typical representatives of Qiuci grottoes.The Kizil Grottoes are all around Sakyamuni in terms of mural content and grotto shape.Reflects the "ritual Sakyamuni" in Mahayana Buddhism.Up to now,Kizil Grottoes are large grottoes in China that show Hīnayāna Sarvātivādin thoughts.The colorful murals tell stories of Jātāka,metaphor,Avadāna and Nidāna’s mural.The content of these Buddhist stories comes from the "Vināya" sutra and mainly shows the content and scenes related to Buddha’s nirvana.Among them,there are more than 70 kinds of murals of Jātāka,more than 60 kinds of murals of murals of buddhist Stories,and more than a dozen kinds of Avadāna.There are more than 40 kinds of murals reflecting the story of Nidāna.Having a huge number of story murals is the biggest characteristic of Kizil grottoes murals.These story murals all reflect the popular Buddhist art in the Qiuci region “Sarvātivādin”.The story frescoes that embody the idea of “Sarvātivādin” are mainly distributed after the mid-term of Kizil frescoes.According to the comparison,the murals on the main wall of the central pillar cave in Kizil Grottoes also reflect the classical thoughts of “Hīnayāna Sarvātivādin”.In addition,the grotto murals in kucina area are influenced by western and central plains cultures and have their own artistic styles.It provides us with a large number of research images to deeply and concretely understand the main ideas reflected in the murals of Kizil Grottoes. |
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