| This paper studies the adverb"zan qie????""gu qie????""quan qie????"and"liao qie????"from two aspects:synchronic and diachronic,syntactic,semantic and pragmatic.Excluding the introduction and conclusion,the text consists of three chapters.The first chapter:summarizes the research literature on"X and???"adverbs or their related morphemes from three aspects:dictionary reference book,monograph and academic thesis.We found that previous studies focused on classification,co-temporal comparison of two words and the interpretation of the meaning of a single word in a specific sentence,there are no related studies on the short-term meanings and the meanings of the common meanings of the common meanings such as the difference of synchronic plane and the evolution of the meaning of diachronic plane and the analysis of the phenomenon of homomorphic inversion.These problems will be explained in this article.Chapter Two:To study the related expression of"X and???"adverbs in three planes:Semantically,the meanings common to adverbs of"X and???"are short-term paragraph meanings,non-index meanings and concession modal meanings.The semantic difference lies in"zan qie????"focusing on"short-term paragraph meaning","gu qie????""quan qie????"and"liao qie????"focus on"concession modal meaning""quan qie????"do not express simple concessions,can only be used in the"last resort"situation,means passive concessions.For"gu qie????",most of the tone with agitation or cues can be used for active concessions."liao qie????"is seldom used in modern Chinese.The short-term meanings and the concession modal meanings of the adverbs of"X and???"have a reverse relation,and the semantics point to the predicate or predicate.Syntactically,the adverbs of"X and???"embody only qualities:only be used as an adverbial.In verb selection,the preferred autonomous verb and the continuous verb.At the same time,the semantic characteristics of adverbs form a corresponding relationship with the choice of verbs."X and???"adverbs are not used in conjunction with nouns.In the choice of adjectives,"zan qie????"can choose to decorate people and ornaments two types of adjectives,"gu qie????""quan qie????"and"liao qie????"can only choose to decorate people adjectives.In adverb conjunction,The same kind of adverbs are mainly used in monosyllabic words.The different kind of adverbs are mainly used in mood????/association????/negation????/range????,follow the conjunction order of association????>mood????>time????>negation????>range????,When combined with negative adverbs,the degree of freedom of"zan qie????"is the highest.The frequency of the negative adverb"No???"is higher than that of"No??/???".In pragmatic terms,the spoken language of"zan qie????"is the strongest,and the written language of"liao qie????"is the strongest.In the“X and???+VP+NP”structure,“NP”and“VP”is dominated by neutral color nouns,followed by negative meaning nouns,and the least by positive meaning nouns.In VP selection,"zan qie????"prefers negative color"VP,"gu qie????"prefers"neutral color"VP,"quan qie????"prefers"positive color"VP.In terms of choice of sentence types,they are mainly declarative sentences."liao qie????"are used only for declarative sentences,and"quan qie????"are used for exclamatory sentences.In the text function,there are three order of first time/later time/termination.Chapter three:from the diachronic point of view to the semantic evolution of adverbs of"X and???"and the process of word formation.The adverb"gu???""liao???"means"short term"by borrowing route."qie???"is derived from a borrowing route"will"mean,"zan???"via extension of meaning,and"quan???"via similar extension.In the Southern Song Dynasty,the Northern Song Dynasty,the Tang Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties respectively,the lexicalization of the adverbs of"X and???"were all indirectly empty and occurred at the morpheme level.the lexicalization of the adverbs of"and zan????""and gu????""and quan????"in the Eastern Han,Northern Song and Southern and Northern Dynasties respectively,and began to die out at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty.According to the lexicalization time of adverbs"X and???"and"and???X",we think that the adverb"and???X"are earlier than"X and???"in language use. |
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