A Study On Military Geography Of Xining Area In Qing Dynasty

Xining region is located in the eastern part of qinghai-tibet plateau and the western corner of loess plateau.It is an important traffic throat area from the mainland to the northwest and south to Tibet.In this paper,from the Angle of view of the history of military geography,dating to the qing dynasty is the scope of three counties in xining area four hall for the space,to explore the xining region in qing dynasty military defence posture,and combining with the local history literature specific historical military geography research in the qing dynasty xining region,in order to enrich the research of the historical geography of the area,also provide a historical reference for today's national defense construction.This paper studies xining area in qing dynasty according to the research paradigm of historical military geography.As an important hub of northwest China,xining region in qing dynasty had a very important military geographical position,and the qing court attached great importance to its management.The physical geographical environment and cultural and historical environment of the region have important influence on military operations.From the point of view of defense strength,the military forces in xining area in qing dynasty were diversified,including chieftain and tribal armed forces,eight banners garrison forces,green camp troops,short-term garrison,reserve troops,township and training troops.Due to the need of war and situation,the qing court actively used different military forces in xining.Among them,chieftain and tribal armed forces played an important role in the social governance of xining region in the qing dynasty and cooperated with the qing army to carry out military counter-insurgency operations.In the early qing dynasty,the eight banners and the green battalion troops were the main military forces.Qingjiadao green battalion troops did not lag behind,to the township yong,regimental training and training army as the main military force.Generally speaking,various military forces of the qing dynasty played different roles over time.From the point of view of defense facilities,in order to strengthen regional military defense,xining area formed a number of defense facilities.This paper studies the important defensive facilities of the pass,fortress,city,Great Wall and post transportation,and reveals the spatial distribution characteristics of the pass and post,the defensive characteristics of the city,the defensive function of the Great Wall,and the spatial pattern of post transportation.Macroscopically,the defense facilities in xining area in qing dynasty showed the characteristics of multi-layer fortification.From the perspective of the distribution of warfare,this paper discusses the statistical standards of warfare in xining area and the definition of space-time,and then discusses the space-time distribution of warfare in xining area in qing dynasty.Through sorting out and studying the war in xining area in qing dynasty,it has formed three distinct stages of war peaks in time,and three main war distribution areas in space,showing the characteristics of "crescent shape".