The Investigation And Research On The Residential Door Of Ming And Qing Dynasties In Jinzhong

The house gate experienced a long evolution process.The earliest gate in China appeared in half cave houses in the late Neolithic age.It can be inferred from the ancient city,architectural sites,murals and carvings of tombs that the ancient house gate can be restored.Tang and Song Dynasties is a peak of ancient Chinese architecture,especially the development of commodity economy in Song Dynasty has greatly enriched the types of doors,and the shape of house doors has been basically fixed.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the development of ancient Chinese architectural technology to the peak,people pay more attention to the decoration of the house door.As a symbol of status,the house gate had been endowed with hierarchical significance in the Qin and Han dynasties at the latest.With the continuous strengthening of centralization,the Ming and Qing Dynasties made a clear provision for this.During this period,Jinzhong Area developed commerce and developed financial industry.Shanxi merchants who accumulated wealth built a large number of magnificent houses.Because Pingyao,Taigu,Qixian and other ancient urban areas are relatively complete,a large number of ancient houses of Ming and Qing dynasties have been preserved in Jinzhong Area.These houses have different scales and cover all social strata.Based on the field survey of Pingyao,Yuci,Taigu,Qixian,Jiexiu and Zhangbi ancient castle villages,five ancient counties of Ming and Qing Dynasties,one ancient village of Ming and Qing Dynasties and six Jin Merchants’ yards including Majia yard,Changjia manor,caojia yard,Kong Xiangxi’s former residence,qujia yard and Wangjia yard,this paper makes a survey of the shape,size and appurtenances of the houses of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Jinzhong Comprehensive understanding.On this basis,according to the materials obtained from the survey,according to the location of the house gate,the house gate is divided into house gate,inner court gate,wing gate and main house gate;according to the shape and structure of the house gate,it is divided into brick gate,wood gate and arch gate;according to the use of the gate,it is divided into castle gate,house gate,shop gate,car and horse gate,etc.This paper studies the house doors of different classes of Shanxi merchants and ancient city houses respectively.There are many kinds of house doors in Shanxi merchants.Tall Castle doors are built at the entrance,and the quadrangles inside arealso house type house doors.They are large in size,decorated with luxurious sculpture and painting,and there are many accessories in front of the door.The large number of ancient city houses are mostly low wall doors or small size house type doors It has narrow door,few decorations and few accessories.The shape and decoration of the house gate are deeply influenced by the social background.In addition to people’s wealth and status,people have also joined in the worship of etiquette,morality,auspiciousness and happiness,and yearning for official status when building the house gate.